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By inferring the gravitational wave background (GWB) from a population of supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs), pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) enable the study of massive black holes. In many ways, PTAs manifest the promise of a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-16 Nima Laal , Stephen R. Taylor , Cayenne Matt , Kayhan Gultekin

Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs, $10^{3-6} \, \rm{M_\odot}$), are typically found at the center of dwarf galaxies and might be wandering, thus far undetected, in the Milky Way (MW). We use model spectra for advection-dominated…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-08-03 Bryan Seepaul , Fabio Pacucci , Ramesh Narayan

When embedded in dense cluster cores, intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs) acquire close stellar or stellar-remnant companions. These companions are not only gravitationally bound, they tend to hierarchically isolate from other cluster…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-03-16 Morgan MacLeod , Michele Trenti , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz

Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) span the approximate mass range $100$--$10^5\,M_\odot$, between black holes (BHs) formed by stellar collapse and the supermassive BHs at the centers of galaxies. Mergers of IMBH binaries are the most…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-03-16 The LIGO Scientific Collaboration , the Virgo Collaboration , the KAGRA Collaboration

We examine the nHz gravitational wave (GW) foreground of stars and black holes (BHs) orbiting SgrA* in the Galactic Center. A cusp of stars and BHs generates a continuous GW spectrum below 40 nHz; individual BHs within 1 mpc to SgrA* stick…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-30 Bence Kocsis , Alak Ray , Simon Portegies Zwart

Massive black holes are key components of the assembly and evolution of cosmic structures and a number of surveys are currently on-going or planned to probe the demographics of these objects and to gain insight into the relevant physical…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. Sesana , A. Vecchio , M. Volonteri

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are anticipated to detect the stochastic gravitational wave background (GWB) from supermassive binary black holes (BBHs) as well as the gravitational waves from individual BBHs. Recently, a common process signal…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-06-21 Yunfeng Chen , Qingjuan Yu , Youjun Lu

Intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs), with masses in the range $100-10^{6}$ M$_{\odot}$, are the link between stellar-mass BHs and supermassive BHs (SMBHs). They are thought to be the seeds from which SMBHs grow, which would explain the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-05-30 Mar Mezcua

Globular clusters (GCs) offer a unique environment for discovering and studying millisecond pulsars. In this paper, we present a multi-epoch search and detailed timing analysis of millisecond pulsars in the GC M2, using the…

Intermediate Mass Black Holes (IMBHs) are a class of black holes with masses in the range $10^2 \div 10^5$ $M_\odot$, which can not directly derive from stellar evolution. Looking for these objects and estimating their abundance is…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-12-12 A. Franco , A. A. Nucita , F. De Paolis , F. Strafella , M. Maiorano

Pulsar timing measurements can be used to detect gravitational radiation from massive black hole binaries. The ~106d quasi-periodic flux variations in Sagittarius A* at radio wavelengths reported by Zhao, Bower, & Goss (2001) may be due to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 Andrea N. Lommen , Donald C. Backer

New concepts for observing the gravitational waves (GWs) using a detector on the Moon, such as the Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna (LGWA), have gained increasing attention. By utilizing the Moon as a giant antenna, the LGWA is expected to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-07 Hanlin Song , Han Yan , Yacheng Kang , Xian Chen , Junjie Zhao , Lijing Shao

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) might detect gravitational waves (GWs) from massive black hole (MBH) binaries within this decade. The signal is expected to be an incoherent superposition of several nearly-monochromatic waves of different…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Antoine Petiteau , Stanislav Babak , Alberto Sesana , Mariana de Araujo

The dynamical formation of binary black holes (BBHs) in globular clusters (GCs) may contribute significantly to the observed gravitational wave (GW) merger rate. Furthermore, LISA may detect many BBH sources from GCs at mHz frequencies,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-05-13 Zeyuan Xuan , Kyle Kremer , Smadar Naoz

Gravitational waves (GWs) can be produced if a stellar compact object, such as a black hole (BH) or neutron star, inspirals into an intermediate-massive black hole (IMBH) of $(10^3 \sim 10^5)\,M_\odot$. Such a system may be produced in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-04-02 Xiao-Jun Yue , Wen-Biao Han , Xian Chen

Intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs) have masses between the $10^2\!-\!10^6$ M$_\odot$ and are key to our understanding of the formation of massive black holes. The known population of IMBH remains small, with a few hundred candidates and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-02-12 Jorge Martínez-Palomera , Paulina Lira , India Bhalla-Ladd , Francisco Förster , Richard M. Plotkin

Context. The problem of the existence of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) at the centre of globular clusters is a hot and controversial topic in current astrophysical research with important implications in stellar and galaxy…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2010-06-14 P. Miocchi

Milli-second pulsars with highly stable periods can be considered as very precise clocks and can be used for pulsar timing array (PTA) which attempts to detect nanoheltz gravitational waves (GWs) directly. Main sources of nanoheltz GWs are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-12-22 Tomonosuke Kikunaga , Shinnosuke Hisano , Hiroki Kumamoto , Keitaro Takahashi

Supermassive black holes are commonly found in the center of galaxies and evolve with their hosts. The supermassive binary black holes (SMBBH) are thus expected to exist in close galaxy pairs, however, none has been unequivocally detected.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-15 Yi Feng , Di Li , Zheng Zheng , Chao-Wei Tsai

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are placing increasingly stringent constraints on the strain amplitude of continuous gravitational waves emitted by supermassive black hole binaries on subparsec scales. In this paper, we incorporate independent…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-04-08 Katelin Schutz , Chung-Pei Ma