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Traditional enterprises face significant challenges in processing business documents, where tasks like extracting transport references from invoices remain largely manual despite their crucial role in logistics operations. While Large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Jiale Liu , Yifan Zeng , Malte Højmark-Bertelsen , Marie Normann Gadeberg , Huazheng Wang , Qingyun Wu

Assessing the veracity of online content has become increasingly critical. Large language models (LLMs) have recently enabled substantial progress in automated veracity assessment, including automated fact-checking and claim verification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yupeng Cao , Chengyang He , Yangyang Yu , Ping Wang , K. P. Subbalakshmi

The transition from stateless language model inference to persistent, multi session autonomous agents has revealed memory to be a primary architectural bottleneck in the deployment of production grade agentic systems. Existing methodologies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Seyed Moein Abtahi , Rasa Rahnema , Hetkumar Patel , Neel Patel , Majid Fekri , Tara Khani

Large language model (LLM) agents extend generative models with reasoning, tool use, and persistent memory, thereby enabling the automation of complex tasks. In healthcare, such systems could support documentation, care coordination, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Wenxian Yang , Hanzheng Qiu , Bangqun Zhang , Chengquan Li , Zhiyong Huang , Xiaobin Feng , Rongshan Yu , Jiahong Dong

As LLM agents evolve into collaborative multi-agent systems, their memory requirements grow rapidly in complexity. This position paper frames multi-agent memory as a computer architecture problem. We distinguish shared and distributed…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Zhongming Yu , Naicheng Yu , Hejia Zhang , Wentao Ni , Mingrui Yin , Jiaying Yang , Yujie Zhao , Jishen Zhao

Current LLM agents lack principled mechanisms for managing persistent memory across long interaction horizons. We present a biologically-grounded memory architecture comprising six cognitive mechanisms: (1) sleep-phase consolidation, (2)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Doga Kerestecioglu , Alexei Robsky , Clemens Vasters , Anshul Sharma , Yitzhak Kesselman

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) are not only limited to some maximum context length, but also are not able to robustly consume long inputs. To address these limitations, we propose ReadAgent, an LLM agent system that increases…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Kuang-Huei Lee , Xinyun Chen , Hiroki Furuta , John Canny , Ian Fischer

Long-term agent memory is increasingly multimodal, yet existing evaluations rarely test whether agents preserve the visual evidence needed for later reasoning. In prior work, many visually grounded questions can be answered using only…

The recent advent of large language models (LLM) has resulted in high-performing conversational agents such as chatGPT. These agents must remember key information from an ongoing conversation to provide responses that are contextually…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Ziheng Huang , Sebastian Gutierrez , Hemanth Kamana , Stephen MacNeil

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) enabled the development of AI agents that can plan and interact with tools to complete complex tasks. However, literature on their reliability in real-world applications remains limited. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Lorenzo Jaime Yu Flores , Junyi Shen , Goodman Gu

AI agents increasingly operate over extended time horizons, yet their ability to retain, organize, and recall multimodal experiences remains a critical bottleneck. Building effective lifelong memory requires navigating a vast design space…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Jiaqi Liu , Zipeng Ling , Shi Qiu , Yanqing Liu , Siwei Han , Peng Xia , Haoqin Tu , Zeyu Zheng , Cihang Xie , Charles Fleming , Mingyu Ding , Huaxiu Yao

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents exhibit significant potential across various domains, operating as interactive systems that process environmental observations to generate executable actions for target tasks. The effectiveness of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Mengkang Hu , Tianxing Chen , Qiguang Chen , Yao Mu , Wenqi Shao , Ping Luo

Memory serves as the pivotal nexus bridging past and future, providing both humans and AI systems with invaluable concepts and experience to navigate complex tasks. Recent research on autonomous agents has increasingly focused on designing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Jiafeng Liang , Hao Li , Chang Li , Jiaqi Zhou , Shixin Jiang , Zekun Wang , Changkai Ji , Zhihao Zhu , Runxuan Liu , Tao Ren , Jinlan Fu , See-Kiong Ng , Xia Liang , Ming Liu , Bing Qin

Long-horizon agentic reasoning necessitates effectively compressing growing interaction histories into a limited context window. Most existing memory systems serialize history as text, where token-level cost is uniform and scales linearly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yaorui Shi , Shugui Liu , Yu Yang , Wenyu Mao , Yuxin Chen , Qi GU , Hui Su , Xunliang Cai , Xiang Wang , An Zhang

Although long-term memory systems have made substantial progress in recent years, they still exhibit clear limitations in adaptability, scalability, and self-evolution under continuous interaction settings. Inspired by cognitive theories,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ningning Zhang , Xingxing Yang , Zhizhong Tan , Weiping Deng , Wenyong Wang

LLM-powered embodied agents have shown success on conventional object-rearrangement tasks, but providing personalized assistance that leverages user-specific knowledge from past interactions presents new challenges. We investigate these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Taeyoon Kwon , Dongwook Choi , Hyojun Kim , Sunghwan Kim , Seungjun Moon , Beong-woo Kwak , Kuan-Hao Huang , Jinyoung Yeo

Memory systems have been designed to leverage past experiences in Large Language Model (LLM) agents. However, many deployed memory systems primarily optimize compression and storage, with comparatively less emphasis on explicit, closed-loop…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Xingbo Du , Loka Li , Duzhen Zhang , Le Song

Large language models (LLMs) have made significant advances in the field of natural language processing, but they still face challenges such as continuous decision-making, lack of long-term memory, and limited context windows in dynamic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Xuechen Liang , Meiling Tao , Yinghui Xia , Jianhui Wang , Kun Li , Yijin Wang , Jingsong Yang , Tianyu Shi , Yuantao Wang , Miao Zhang , Xueqian Wang

Long-term memory is a critical capability for multimodal large language model (MLLM) agents, particularly in conversational settings where information accumulates and evolves over time. However, existing benchmarks either evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Yuanchen Bei , Tianxin Wei , Xuying Ning , Yanjun Zhao , Zhining Liu , Xiao Lin , Yada Zhu , Hendrik Hamann , Jingrui He , Hanghang Tong

Large Language Model (LLM) agents use memory to learn from past interactions, enabling autonomous planning and decision-making in complex environments. However, this reliance on memory introduces a critical security risk: an adversary can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Qianshan Wei , Tengchao Yang , Yaochen Wang , Xinfeng Li , Lijun Li , Zhenfei Yin , Yi Zhan , Thorsten Holz , Zhiqiang Lin , XiaoFeng Wang