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Subword tokenization is a commonly used input pre-processing step in most recent NLP models. However, it limits the models' ability to leverage end-to-end task learning. Its frequency-based vocabulary creation compromises tokenization in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Md Mofijul Islam , Gustavo Aguilar , Pragaash Ponnusamy , Clint Solomon Mathialagan , Chengyuan Ma , Chenlei Guo

An ongoing challenge in current natural language processing is how its major advancements tend to disproportionately favor resource-rich languages, leaving a significant number of under-resourced languages behind. Due to the lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Ruoyu Xie , Antonios Anastasopoulos

Current language models (LMs) use a fixed, static subword tokenizer. This default choice typically results in degraded efficiency and language capabilities, especially in languages other than English. To address this issue, we challenge the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Darius Feher , Ivan Vulić , Benjamin Minixhofer

This paper describes the functioning of a broad-coverage probabilistic top-down parser, and its application to the problem of language modeling for speech recognition. The paper first introduces key notions in language modeling and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Brian Roark

Recent work on tokenizer-free multilingual pretrained models show promising results in improving cross-lingual transfer and reducing engineering overhead (Clark et al., 2022; Xue et al., 2022). However, these works mainly focus on reporting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Jimin Sun , Patrick Fernandes , Xinyi Wang , Graham Neubig

Tokenization defines the foundation of multilingual language models by determining how words are represented and shared across languages. However, existing methods often fail to support effective cross-lingual transfer because semantically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Muhammad Dehan Al Kautsar , Fajri Koto

Generative models are often trained with a next-token prediction objective, yet many downstream applications require the ability to estimate or control sequence-level properties. Next-token prediction can lead to overfitting of local…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Erica Stutz , Giacomo Marino , Daniella Meeker , Qiao Liu , Andrew J. Loza

Extending pre-trained text Large Language Models (LLMs)'s speech understanding or generation abilities by introducing various effective speech tokens has attracted great attention in the speech community. However, building a unified speech…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yuanyuan Wang , Dongchao Yang , Yiwen Shao , Hangting Chen , Jiankun Zhao , Zhiyong Wu , Helen Meng , Xixin Wu

This paper explores the challenges of test-time scaling of large language models (LLMs), regarding both the data and inference efficiency. We highlight the diversity of multi-lingual reasoning based on our pilot studies, and then introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Kang Chen , Mengdi Zhang , Yixin Cao

The scarcity of large parallel corpora is an important obstacle for neural machine translation. A common solution is to exploit the knowledge of language models (LM) trained on abundant monolingual data. In this work, we propose a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Christos Baziotis , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch

Scaling the size of language models to tens of billions of parameters has led to impressive performance on a wide range of tasks. At generation, these models are used auto-regressively, requiring a forward pass for each generated token, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Giovanni Monea , Armand Joulin , Edouard Grave

In this paper, a hierarchical context definition is added to an existing clustering algorithm in order to increase its robustness. The resulting algorithm, which clusters contexts and events separately, is used to experiment with different…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 J. P. Ueberla , I. R. Gransden

The challenges facing speech recognition systems, such as variations in pronunciations, adverse audio conditions, and the scarcity of labeled data, emphasize the necessity for a post-processing step that corrects recurring errors. Previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Tomer Wullach , Shlomo E. Chazan

Large-scale EHR prediction across institutions is hindered by substantial heterogeneity in schemas and code systems. Although Common Data Models (CDMs) can standardize records for multi-institutional learning, the manual harmonization and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Kyunghoon Hur , Heeyoung Kwak , Jinsu Jang , Nakhwan Kim , Edward Choi

The number of tokens it takes to encode parallel text in different languages is known to vary. These disparities are called token premiums. Having high token premiums leads to less throughput during training and increases costs at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Catherine Arnett , Tyler A. Chang , Stella Biderman , Benjamin K. Bergen

The multilingual nature of the world makes translation a crucial requirement today. Parallel dictionaries constructed by humans are a widely-available resource, but they are limited and do not provide enough coverage for good quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-09-30 Krzysztof Wołk , Krzysztof Marasek

Discriminative translation models utilizing source context have been shown to help statistical machine translation performance. We propose a novel extension of this work using target context information. Surprisingly, we show that this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-07-06 Aleš Tamchyna , Alexander Fraser , Ondřej Bojar , Marcin Junczys-Dowmunt

Equality saturation is a powerful technique for program optimization. Contextual equality saturation extends this to support rewrite rules that are conditioned on where a term appears in an expression. Existing work has brought contextual…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Tyler Hou , Shadaj Laddad , Joseph M. Hellerstein

Tokenization plays a pivotal role in multilingual NLP. However, existing tokenizers are often skewed towards high-resource languages, limiting their effectiveness for linguistically diverse and morphologically rich languages such as those…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 N J Karthika , Maharaj Brahma , Rohit Saluja , Ganesh Ramakrishnan , Maunendra Sankar Desarkar

The unigram distribution is the non-contextual probability of finding a specific word form in a corpus. While of central importance to the study of language, it is commonly approximated by each word's sample frequency in the corpus. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Irene Nikkarinen , Tiago Pimentel , Damián E. Blasi , Ryan Cotterell