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The static ``train then deploy" paradigm fundamentally limits Large Language Models (LLMs) from dynamically adapting their weights in response to continuous streams of new information inherent in real-world tasks. Test-Time Training (TTT)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Guhao Feng , Shengjie Luo , Kai Hua , Ge Zhang , Di He , Wenhao Huang , Tianle Cai

Multi-Task Learning is a learning paradigm that uses correlated tasks to improve performance generalization. A common way to learn multiple tasks is through the hard parameter sharing approach, in which a single architecture is used to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Angelica Tiemi Mizuno Nakamura , Denis Fernando Wolf , Valdir Grassi

Test-time training (TTT) methods explicitly update the weights of a model to adapt to the specific test instance, and they have found success in a variety of settings, including most recently language modeling and reasoning. To demystify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Halil Alperen Gozeten , M. Emrullah Ildiz , Xuechen Zhang , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi , Marco Mondelli , Samet Oymak

Training a single model on multiple input domains and/or output tasks allows for compressing information from multiple sources into a unified backbone hence improves model efficiency. It also enables potential positive knowledge transfer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Amelie Royer , Tijmen Blankevoort , Babak Ehteshami Bejnordi

Test-time adaptation (TTA) addresses distribution shifts for streaming test data in unsupervised settings. Currently, most TTA methods can only deal with minor shifts and rely heavily on heuristic and empirical studies. To advance TTA under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Shurui Gui , Xiner Li , Shuiwang Ji

Multi-Task Learning (MTL) is a framework, where multiple related tasks are learned jointly and benefit from a shared representation space, or parameter transfer. To provide sufficient learning support, modern MTL uses annotated data with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Dimitrios Kollias , Viktoriia Sharmanska , Stefanos Zafeiriou

Multi-task learning (MTL) aims to enhance the performance and efficiency of machine learning models by simultaneously training them on multiple tasks. However, MTL research faces two challenges: 1) effectively modeling the relationships…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Danwei Li , Zhengyu Zhang , Siyang Yuan , Mingze Gao , Weilin Zhang , Chaofei Yang , Xi Liu , Jiyan Yang

Generalizing deep learning models to unknown target domain distribution with low latency has motivated research into test-time training/adaptation (TTT/TTA). Existing approaches often focus on improving test-time training performance under…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Yushu Li , Xun Xu , Yongyi Su , Kui Jia

This paper proposes a novel batch normalization strategy for test-time adaptation. Recent test-time adaptation methods heavily rely on the modified batch normalization, i.e., transductive batch normalization (TBN), which calculates the mean…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Hyesu Lim , Byeonggeun Kim , Jaegul Choo , Sungha Choi

The remarkable progress in deep learning (DL) showcases outstanding results in various computer vision tasks. However, adaptation to real-time variations in data distributions remains an important challenge. Test-Time Training (TTT) was…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Marco Colussi , Sergio Mascetti , Jose Dolz , Christian Desrosiers

Deep neural networks have useful applications in many different tasks, however their performance can be severely affected by changes in the data distribution. For example, in the biomedical field, their performance can be affected by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Pedro Vianna , Muawiz Chaudhary , Paria Mehrbod , An Tang , Guy Cloutier , Guy Wolf , Michael Eickenberg , Eugene Belilovsky

This study aims to explore the performance improvement method of large language models based on GPT-4 under the multi-task learning framework and conducts experiments on two tasks: text classification and automatic summary generation.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Zhen Qi , Jiajing Chen , Shuo Wang , Bingying Liu , Hongye Zheng , Chihang Wang

Detectors trained with massive labeled data often exhibit dramatic performance degradation in some particular scenarios with data distribution gap. To alleviate this problem of domain shift, conventional wisdom typically concentrates solely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Liang Zhao , Limin Wang

Multi-task learning (MTL) seeks to improve the generalized performance of learning specific tasks, exploiting useful information incorporated in related tasks. As a promising area, this paper studies an MTL-based control approach…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-01 Andres Arias , Chuangchuang Sun

Prior to the deployment of robotic systems, pre-training the deep-recognition models on all potential visual cases is infeasible in practice. Hence, test-time adaptation (TTA) allows the model to adapt itself to novel environments and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Junha Song , Kwanyong Park , InKyu Shin , Sanghyun Woo , Chaoning Zhang , In So Kweon

This work proposes Multi-task Meta Learning (MTML), integrating two learning paradigms Multi-Task Learning (MTL) and meta learning, to bring together the best of both worlds. In particular, it focuses simultaneous learning of multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Richa Upadhyay , Prakash Chandra Chhipa , Ronald Phlypo , Rajkumar Saini , Marcus Liwicki

Multi-Task Learning (MTL) has shown its importance at user products for fast training, data efficiency, reduced overfitting etc. MTL achieves it by sharing the network parameters and training a network for multiple tasks simultaneously.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Brijraj Singh , Swati Gupta , Mayukh Das , Praveen Doreswamy Naidu , Sharan Kumar Allur

Previous works on depression detection use datasets collected in similar environments to train and test the models. In practice, however, the train and test distributions cannot be guaranteed to be identical. Distribution shifts can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Sri Harsha Dumpala , Chandramouli Shama Sastry , Rudolf Uher , Sageev Oore

In this paper, we study the application of Test-Time Training (TTT) as a solution to handling distribution shifts in speech applications. In particular, we introduce distribution-shifts to the test datasets of standard speech-classification…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Sri Harsha Dumpala , Chandramouli Sastry , Sageev Oore

Multi-task learning (MTL) has become increasingly popular in natural language processing (NLP) because it improves the performance of related tasks by exploiting their commonalities and differences. Nevertheless, it is still not understood…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Zhihan Zhang , Wenhao Yu , Mengxia Yu , Zhichun Guo , Meng Jiang