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Minimal spanning trees (MSTs) have been used in cosmology and astronomy to distinguish distributions of points in a multi-dimensional space. They are essentially unknown in particle physics, however. We briefly define MSTs and illustrate…

Applications · Statistics 2017-03-08 Jessica Lovelace Rainbolt , Michael Schmitt

In the length-constrained minimum spanning tree (MST) problem, we are given an $n$-node edge-weighted graph $G$ and a length constraint $h \geq 1$. Our goal is to find a spanning tree of $G$ whose diameter is at most $h$ with minimum…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-06-17 D Ellis Hershkowitz , Richard Z Huang

Minimum spanning trees (MSTs) provide a convenient representation of datasets in numerous pattern recognition activities. Moreover, they are relatively fast to compute. In this paper, we quantify the extent to which they are meaningful in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-16 Marek Gagolewski , Anna Cena , Maciej Bartoszuk , Łukasz Brzozowski

Binary search trees (BST) are a popular type of data structure when dealing with ordered data. Indeed, they enable one to access and modify data efficiently, with their height corresponding to the worst retrieval time. From a probabilistic…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-01-28 Benoît Corsini , Victor Dubach , Valentin Féray

Spanning trees are an important quantity characterizing the reliability of a network, however, explicitly determining the number of spanning trees in networks is a theoretical challenge. In this paper, we study the number of spanning trees…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-08-03 Zhongzhi Zhang , Hongxiao Liu , Bin Wu , Shuigeng Zhou

The minimum degree spanning tree (MDST) problem requires the construction of a spanning tree $T$ for graph $G=(V,E)$ with $n$ vertices, such that the maximum degree $d$ of $T$ is the smallest among all spanning trees of $G$. In this paper,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Michael Dinitz , Magnús M. Halldórsson , Calvin Newport

A well-known open problem on the behavior of optimal paths in random graphs in the strong disorder regime, formulated by statistical physicists, and supported by a large amount of numerical evidence over the last decade [31,32,38,70] is as…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-01-15 Shankar Bhamidi , Sanchayan Sen

Through the study of the Rep($D_8$) non-invertible symmetry, we show how non-invertible symmetries manifest in dynamics. By considering the effect of symmetry preserving disorder, the non-invertible symmetry is shown to give rise to…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-08-21 Yabo Li , Aditi Mitra

In length-constrained minimum spanning tree (MST) we are given an $n$-node graph $G = (V,E)$ with edge weights $w : E \to \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}$ and edge lengths $l: E \to \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}$ along with a root node $r \in V$ and a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-12 D Ellis Hershkowitz , Richard Z Huang

Minimal spanning trees on infinite vertex sets are investigated. A criterion for minimality of a spanning tree having a finite length is obtained, which generalizes the corresponding classical result for finite sets. It is given an analytic…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2014-03-18 A. O. Ivanov , A. A. Tuzhilin

We propose that thermal noise in local stripe orientation should be readily detectable via STM on systems in which local stripe orientations are strongly affected by quenched disorder. Stripes, a unidirectional, nanoscale modulation of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-05-18 Y. L. Loh , E. W. Carlson , K. A. Dahmen

Due to its broad applications in practice, the minimum spanning tree problem and its all kinds of variations have been studied extensively during the last decades, for which a host of efficient exact and heuristic algorithms have been…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Yang Xu , Lianmin Zhang

We consider a family of local search algorithms for the minimum-weight spanning tree, indexed by a parameter $\rho$. One step of the local search corresponds to replacing a connected induced subgraph of the current candidate graph whose…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-05-11 Louigi Addario-Berry , Jordan Barrett , Benoît Corsini

A spanning tree $T$ in a graph $G$ is a sub-graph of $G$ with the same vertex set as $G$ which is a tree. In 1981, McKay proved an asymptotic result regarding the number of spanning trees in random $k$-regular graphs. In this paper we prove…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-31 Ron Rosenthal , Lior Tenenbaum

In recent years there has been a paradigm shift from the study of local task-related activation to the organization and functioning of large-scale functional and structural brain networks. However, a long-standing challenge in this…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-26 Sixtus Dakurah

The minimum spanning tree (MST), a graph constructed from a distribution of points, draws lines between pairs of points so that all points are linked in a single skeletal structure that contains no loops and has minimal total edge length.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-22 Krishna Naidoo

We prove that the local limit of the weighted spanning trees on any simple connected high degree almost regular sequence of electric networks is the Poisson(1) branching process conditioned to survive forever, by generalizing [NP22] and…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-01 Ágnes Kúsz

Based on a recently proposed $q$-dependent detrended cross-correlation coefficient $\rho_q$, we generalize the concept of minimum spanning tree (MST) by introducing a family of $q$-dependent minimum spanning trees ($q$MST) that are…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2017-05-19 Jaroslaw Kwapien , Pawel Oswiecimka , Marcin Forczek , Stanislaw Drozdz

Finding a minimum spanning tree (MST) for $n$ points in an arbitrary metric space is a fundamental primitive for hierarchical clustering and many other ML tasks, but this takes $\Omega(n^2)$ time to even approximate. We introduce a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Nate Veldt , Thomas Stanley , Benjamin W. Priest , Trevor Steil , Keita Iwabuchi , T. S. Jayram , Geoffrey Sanders

We study the problem of detecting and recovering a planted spanning tree $M_n^*$ hidden within a complete, randomly weighted graph $G_n$. Specifically, each edge $e$ has a non-negative weight drawn independently from $P_n$ if $e \in M_n^*$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Mehrdad Moharrami , Cristopher Moore , Jiaming Xu