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Facial Expression Recognition (FER) systems based on deep learning have achieved impressive performance in recent years. However, these models often exhibit demographic biases, particularly with respect to age, which can compromise their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-11 F. Xavier Gaya-Morey , Julia Sanchez-Perez , Cristina Manresa-Yee , Jose M. Buades-Rubio

Facial pain expression is an important modality for assessing pain, especially when the patient's verbal ability to communicate is impaired. The facial muscle-based action units (AUs), which are defined by the Facial Action Coding System…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-21 Zhanli Chen , Rashid Ansari , Diana Wilkie

Facial expression recognition (FER) is vital for human-computer interaction and emotion analysis, yet recognizing expressions in low-resolution images remains challenging. This paper introduces a practical method called Dynamic Resolution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Songpan Wang , Xu Li , Tianxiang Jiang , Yuanlun Xie

Facial Expression Recognition (FER) is a critical task within computer vision with diverse applications across various domains. Addressing the challenge of limited FER datasets, which hampers the generalization capability of expression…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Bach Nguyen-Xuan , Thien Nguyen-Hoang , Thanh-Huy Nguyen , Nhu Tai-Do

Dynamic Facial Expression Recognition (DFER) is crucial for affective computing but often overlooks the impact of scene context. We have identified a significant issue in current DFER tasks: human annotators typically integrate emotions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Xinji Mai , Haoran Wang , Zeng Tao , Junxiong Lin , Shaoqi Yan , Yan Wang , Jing Liu , Jiawen Yu , Xuan Tong , Yating Li , Wenqiang Zhang

High-quality annotated images are significant to deep facial expression recognition (FER) methods. However, uncertain labels, mostly existing in large-scale public datasets, often mislead the training process. In this paper, we achieve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Yang Liu , Xingming Zhang , Janne Kauttonen , Guoying Zhao

Facial expression recognition (FER) has emerged as a promising approach to the development of emotion-aware intelligent agents and systems. However, key challenges remain in utilizing FER in real-world contexts, including ensuring user…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Sanjeev Nahulanthran , Leimin Tian , Dana Kulić , Mor Vered

Dynamic Facial Expression Recognition (DFER) has received significant interest in the recent years dictated by its pivotal role in enabling empathic and human-compatible technologies. Achieving robustness towards in-the-wild data in DFER is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Kateryna Chumachenko , Alexandros Iosifidis , Moncef Gabbouj

Action Units (AUs) are geometrically-based atomic facial muscle movements known to produce appearance changes at specific facial locations. Motivated by this observation we propose a novel AU modelling problem that consists of jointly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-15 Ioanna Ntinou , Enrique Sanchez , Adrian Bulat , Michel Valstar , Georgios Tzimiropoulos

The performance of a computer vision model depends on the size and quality of its training data. Recent studies have unveiled previously-unknown composition biases in common image datasets which then lead to skewed model outputs, and have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Yunliang Chen , Jungseock Joo

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems become increasingly embedded in our daily life, the ability to recognize and adapt to human emotions is essential for effective human-computer interaction. Facial expression recognition (FER) provides…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Thibault Geoffroy , Myriam Maumy , Lionel Prevost

The development of existing facial coding systems, such as the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), relied on manual examination of facial expression videos for defining Action Units (AUs). To overcome the labor-intensive nature of this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Shivansh Chandra Tripathi , Rahul Garg

Despite significant progress over the past few years, ambiguity is still a key challenge in Facial Expression Recognition (FER). It can lead to noisy and inconsistent annotation, which hinders the performance of deep learning models in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Nhat Le , Khanh Nguyen , Quang Tran , Erman Tjiputra , Bac Le , Anh Nguyen

Dynamic facial expression recognition (DFER) is an important task in the field of computer vision. To apply automatic DFER in practice, it is necessary to accurately recognize ambiguous facial expressions, which often appear in data in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Ryosuke Kawamura , Hideaki Hayashi , Noriko Takemura , Hajime Nagahara

Patient pain can be detected highly reliably from facial expressions using a set of facial muscle-based action units (AUs) defined by the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). A key characteristic of facial expression of pain is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-21 Zhanli Chen , Rashid Ansari , Diana J. Wilkie

Since Facial Action Unit (AU) annotations require domain expertise, common AU datasets only contain a limited number of subjects. As a result, a crucial challenge for AU detection is addressing identity overfitting. We find that AUs and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Zhipeng Hu , Wei Zhang , Lincheng Li , Yu Ding , Wei Chen , Zhigang Deng , Xin Yu

Although state-of-the-art classifiers for facial expression recognition (FER) can achieve a high level of accuracy, they lack interpretability, an important feature for end-users. Experts typically associate spatial action units (\aus) from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Soufiane Belharbi , Marco Pedersoli , Alessandro Lameiras Koerich , Simon Bacon , Eric Granger

Micro-Expression Recognition (MER) is a challenging task as the subtle changes occur over different action regions of a face. Changes in facial action regions are formed as Action Units (AUs), and AUs in micro-expressions can be seen as the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Ling Zhou , Qirong Mao , Ming Dong

Automated Facial Expression Recognition (FER) has remained a challenging and interesting problem. Despite efforts made in developing various methods for FER, existing approaches traditionally lack generalizability when applied to unseen…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Ali Mollahosseini , David Chan , Mohammad H. Mahoor

Understanding the facial expressions of our interlocutor is important to enrich the communication and to give it a depth that goes beyond the explicitly expressed. In fact, studying one's facial expression gives insight into their hidden…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Rim EL Cheikh , Hélène Tran , Issam Falih , Engelbert Mephu Nguifo