Related papers: Biquandle Virtual Brackets and Virtual Knotoids
In this paper, we give a geometric interpretation of virtual knotoids as arcs in thickened surfaces. Then we show that virtual knotoid theory is a generalization of classical knotoid theory. This gives a proof of a conjecture of Kauffman…
In this paper we construct new invariants of knotoids including the odd writhe, the parity bracket polynomial, the affine index polynomial and the arrow polynomial, and give an introduction to the theory of virtual knotoids. The invariants…
We introduce two new families of polynomial invariants of oriented classical and virtual knots and links defined as decategorfications of the quandle coloring quiver. We provide examples to illustrate the computation of the invariants, show…
The motivation for this work is to construct a map from classical knots to virtual ones. What we get in the paper is a series of maps from knots in the full torus (thickened torus) to flat-virtual knots. We give definition of flat-virtual…
Marked vertex diagrams provide a combinatorial way to represent knotted surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^4$; including virtual crossings allows for a theory of virtual knotted surfaces and virtual cobordisms. Biquandle counting invariants are…
We modify the definition of spherical knotoids to include a framing, in analogy to framed knots, and define a further modification that includes a secondary 'coframing' to obtain 'biframed' knotoids. We exhibit topological spaces whose…
We discuss Vassiliev invariants for virtual knots, expanding upon the theory of quantum virtual knot invariants developed in arXiv:1509.00578. In particular, following the theory of quantum invariants we work with 'rotational' virtual…
In the present paper we give a new method for converting virtual knots and links to virtual braids. Indeed the braiding method given in this paper is quite general, and applies to all the categories in which braiding can be accomplished. We…
We define a family of quiver representation-valued invariants of oriented classical and virtual knots and links associated to a choice of finite quandle $X$, abelian group $A$, set of quandle 2-cocycles $C\subset H^2_Q(x;A)$, choice of…
We define new invariants of knots by means of quandle colorings and longitudinal information. These invariants can be applied to a tangle embedding problem and recognizing non-classical virtual knots.
Multi-virtual knot theory was introduced in $2024$ by the first author. In this paper, we initiate the study of algebraic invariants of multi-virtual links. After determining a generating set of (oriented) multi-virtual Reidemeister moves,…
In this work we describe a new invariant of virtual knots. We show that this transcendental function invariant generalizes several polynomial invariants of virtual knots, such as the writhe polynomial, the affine index polynomial and the…
We define new notions of groups of virtual and welded knots (or links) and we study their relations with other invariants, in particular the Kauffman group of a virtual knot.
We introduce a new polynomial invariant of virtual knots and links and use this invariant to compute a lower bound on the virtual crossing number and the minimal surface genus.
We bring cocycle enhancement theory to the case of psyquandles. Analogously to our previous work on virtual biquandle cocycle enhancements, we define enhancements of the psyquandle counting invariant via pairs of a biquandle 2-cocycle and a…
In this paper, we introduce biquandle power brackets, an infinite family of invariants of oriented links containing the classical skein invariants and the quandle and biquandle 2-cocycle invariants as special cases. Biquandle power brackets…
A biquandle is a solution to the set-theoretical Yang-Baxter equation, which yields invariants for virtual knots such as the coloring number and the state-sum invariant. A virtual biquandle enriches the structure of a biquandle by…
We define a type of biquandle which is a generalization of symplectic quandles. We use the extra structure of these bilinear biquandles to define new knot and link invariants and give some examples.
In this paper, we define some polynomial invariants for virtual knots and links. In the first part we use Manturov's parity axioms to obtain a new polynomial invariant of virtual knots. This invariant can be regarded as a generalization of…
Virtual knot theory is a generalization of knot theory which is based on Gauss chord diagrams and link diagrams on closed oriented surfaces. A twisted knot is a generalization of a virtual knot, which corresponds to a link diagram on a…