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This paper investigates the application of voice activity projection (VAP), a predictive turn-taking model for spoken dialogue, on multilingual data, encompassing English, Mandarin, and Japanese. The VAP model continuously predicts the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Koji Inoue , Bing'er Jiang , Erik Ekstedt , Tatsuya Kawahara , Gabriel Skantze

Turn-taking management is crucial for any social interaction. Still, it is challenging to model human-machine interaction due to the complexity of the social context and its multimodal nature. Unlike conventional systems based on silence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Takeshi Saga , Catherine Pelachaud

A demonstration of a real-time and continuous turn-taking prediction system is presented. The system is based on a voice activity projection (VAP) model, which directly maps dialogue stereo audio to future voice activities. The VAP model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Koji Inoue , Bing'er Jiang , Erik Ekstedt , Tatsuya Kawahara , Gabriel Skantze

Turn-taking prediction is crucial for seamless interactions. This study introduces a novel, lightweight framework for accurate turn-taking prediction in triadic conversations without relying on computationally intensive methods. Unlike…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Seongsil Heo , Calvin Murdock , Michael Proulx , Christi Miller

Turn-taking is a fundamental aspect of human communication and can be described as the ability to take turns, project upcoming turn shifts, and supply backchannels at appropriate locations throughout a conversation. In this work, we…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-13 Erik Ekstedt , Gabriel Skantze

Turn-taking is a crucial aspect of human-robot interaction, directly influencing conversational fluidity and user engagement. While previous research has explored turn-taking models in controlled environments, their robustness in real-world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Koji Inoue , Yuki Okafuji , Jun Baba , Yoshiki Ohira , Katsuya Hyodo , Tatsuya Kawahara

Turn-taking prediction is the task of anticipating when the speaker in a conversation will yield their turn to another speaker to begin speaking. This project expands on existing strategies for turn-taking prediction by employing a…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Hyunbae Jeon , Frederic Guintu , Rayvant Sahni

Turn-taking prediction models are essential components in spoken dialogue systems and conversational robots. Recent approaches leverage transformer-based architectures to predict speech activity continuously and in real-time. In this study,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Koji Inoue , Mikey Elmers , Yahui Fu , Zi Haur Pang , Divesh Lala , Keiko Ochi , Tatsuya Kawahara

Turn-taking is richly multimodal. Predictive turn-taking models (PTTMs) facilitate naturalistic human-robot interaction, yet most rely solely on speech. We introduce MM-VAP, a multimodal PTTM which combines speech with visual cues including…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Sam O'Connor Russell , Naomi Harte

This work focuses on the use of acoustic cues for modeling turn-taking in dyadic spoken dialogues. Previous work has shown that speaker intentions (e.g., asking a question, uttering a backchannel, etc.) can influence turn-taking behavior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-18 Zakaria Aldeneh , Dimitrios Dimitriadis , Emily Mower Provost

Dialogue models falter in noisy, multi-speaker environments, often producing irrelevant responses and awkward turn-taking. We present AV-Dialog, the first multimodal dialog framework that uses both audio and visual cues to track the target…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Tuochao Chen , Bandhav Veluri , Hongyu Gong , Shyamnath Gollakota

The modeling of turn-taking in dialog can be viewed as the modeling of the dynamics of voice activity of the interlocutors. We extend prior work and define the predictive task of Voice Activity Projection, a general, self-supervised…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-23 Erik Ekstedt , Gabriel Skantze

In human dialogue, nonverbal information such as nodding and facial expressions is as crucial as verbal information, and spoken dialogue systems are also expected to express such nonverbal behaviors. We focus on nodding, which is critical…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Kazushi Kato , Koji Inoue , Divesh Lala , Keiko Ochi , Tatsuya Kawahara

Turn-taking is a fundamental aspect of conversation, but current Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) systems often rely on simplistic, silence-based models, leading to unnatural pauses and interruptions. This paper investigates, for the first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Gabriel Skantze , Bahar Irfan

Existing voice AI assistants treat every detected pause as an invitation to speak. This works in dyadic dialogue, but in multi-party settings, where an AI assistant participates alongside multiple speakers, pauses are abundant and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Kratika Bhagtani , Mrinal Anand , Yu Chen Xu , Amit Kumar Singh Yadav

Understanding why certain individuals work well (or poorly) together as a team is a key research focus in the psychological and behavioral sciences and a fundamental problem for team-based organizations. Nevertheless, we have a limited…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-01-11 Lisa O'Bryan , Santiago Segarra , Jensine Paoletti , Stephanie Zajac , Margaret E. Beier , Ashutosh Sabharwal , Matthew Wettergreen , Eduardo Salas

Syntactic and pragmatic completeness is known to be important for turn-taking prediction, but so far machine learning models of turn-taking have used such linguistic information in a limited way. In this paper, we introduce TurnGPT, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Erik Ekstedt , Gabriel Skantze

Turn-taking is a fundamental aspect of human communication where speakers convey their intention to either hold, or yield, their turn through prosodic cues. Using the recently proposed Voice Activity Projection model, we propose an…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-30 Erik Ekstedt , Siyang Wang , Éva Székely , Joakim Gustafson , Gabriel Skantze

Turn-taking, aiming to decide when the next speaker can start talking, is an essential component in building human-robot spoken dialogue systems. Previous studies indicate that multimodal cues can facilitate this challenging task. However,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-22 Jiudong Yang , Peiying Wang , Yi Zhu , Mingchao Feng , Meng Chen , Xiaodong He

We propose a flexible probabilistic model for predicting turn-taking patterns in group conversations based solely on individual characteristics and past speaking behavior. Many models of conversation dynamics cannot yield insights that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Madeline Navarro , Lisa O'Bryan , Santiago Segarra
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