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Traditional language models face a challenge from hallucinations. Their very presence casts a large, dangerous shadow over the promising realm of natural language processing. It becomes crucial to understand the various kinds of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Parth Pulkundwar , Vivek Dhanawade , Rohit Yadav , Minal Sonkar , Medha Asurlekar , Sarita Rathod

The hallucination problem of Large Language Models (LLMs) significantly limits their reliability and trustworthiness. Humans have a self-awareness process that allows us to recognize what we don't know when faced with queries. Inspired by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Ziwei Ji , Delong Chen , Etsuko Ishii , Samuel Cahyawijaya , Yejin Bang , Bryan Wilie , Pascale Fung

In many reasoning tasks, large language models (LLMs) rely on structured external knowledge, such as graphs and tables, which is typically linearized into sequential token representations. However, even when sufficient knowledge is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Shanghao Li , Jinda Han , Yibo Wang , Yuanjie Zhu , Zihe Song , Langzhou He , Kenan Kamel A Alghythee , Philip S. Yu

The Large Visual Language Models (LVLMs) enhances user interaction and enriches user experience by integrating visual modality on the basis of the Large Language Models (LLMs). It has demonstrated their powerful information processing and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Wei Lan , Wenyi Chen , Qingfeng Chen , Shirui Pan , Huiyu Zhou , Yi Pan

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a range of downstream tasks, a significant concern revolves around their propensity to exhibit hallucinations: LLMs occasionally generate content that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Yue Zhang , Yafu Li , Leyang Cui , Deng Cai , Lemao Liu , Tingchen Fu , Xinting Huang , Enbo Zhao , Yu Zhang , Chen Xu , Yulong Chen , Longyue Wang , Anh Tuan Luu , Wei Bi , Freda Shi , Shuming Shi

Multi-round incomplete information tasks are crucial for evaluating the lateral thinking capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Currently, research primarily relies on multiple benchmarks and automated evaluation metrics to assess…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Wenhan Dong , Tianyi Hu , Jingyi Zheng , Zhen Sun , Yuemeng Zhao , Yule Liu , Xinlei He , Xinyi Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) still face challenges when dealing with complex reasoning tasks, often resulting in hallucinations, which limit the practical application of LLMs. To alleviate this issue, this paper proposes a new method that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Zhihua Duan , Jialin Wang

Despite the many advances of Large Language Models (LLMs) and their unprecedented rapid evolution, their impact and integration into every facet of our daily lives is limited due to various reasons. One critical factor hindering their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Yakir Yehuda , Itzik Malkiel , Oren Barkan , Jonathan Weill , Royi Ronen , Noam Koenigstein

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing, achieving remarkable performance across diverse tasks. However, their impressive fluency often comes at the cost of producing false or fabricated information, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Aisha Alansari , Hamzah Luqman

Large language models (LLMs) frequently generate hallucinations-content that deviates from factual accuracy or provided context-posing challenges for diagnosis due to the complex interplay of underlying causes. This paper introduces a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Yiyou Sun , Yu Gai , Lijie Chen , Abhilasha Ravichander , Yejin Choi , Dawn Song

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful computational models trained on extensive corpora of human-readable text, enabling them to perform general-purpose language understanding and generation. LLMs have garnered significant attention in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Liam Barkley , Brink van der Merwe

LLMs, while outperforming humans in a wide range of tasks, can still fail in unanticipated ways. We focus on two pervasive failure modes: (i) hallucinations, where models produce incorrect information about the world, and (ii) the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Debtanu Datta , Mohan Kishore Chilukuri , Yash Kumar , Saptarshi Ghosh , Muhammad Bilal Zafar

Large Language Models (LLMs) are adept at text manipulation -- tasks such as machine translation and text summarization. However, these models can also be prone to hallucination, which can be detrimental to the faithfulness of any answers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Priyesh Vakharia , Devavrat Joshi , Meenal Chavan , Dhananjay Sonawane , Bhrigu Garg , Parsa Mazaheri

The hallucination issue is recognized as a fundamental deficiency of large language models (LLMs), especially when applied to fields such as finance, education, and law. Despite the growing concerns, there has been a lack of empirical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Haoqiang Kang , Xiao-Yang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have succeeded in a variety of natural language processing tasks [Zha+25]. However, they have notable limitations. LLMs tend to generate hallucinations, a seemingly plausible yet factually unsupported output…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Martin Preiß

Addressing the issue of hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) is a critical challenge. As the cognitive mechanisms of hallucination have been related to memory, here we explore hallucination for LLM that is enabled with explicit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Georgios Kollias , Payel Das , Subhajit Chaudhury

Large Language Models often generate factually incorrect but plausible outputs, known as hallucinations. We identify a more insidious phenomenon, LLM delusion, defined as high belief hallucinations, incorrect outputs with abnormally high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Hongshen Xu , Zixv yang , Zichen Zhu , Kunyao Lan , Zihan Wang , Mengyue Wu , Ziwei Ji , Lu Chen , Pascale Fung , Kai Yu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across a variety of tasks, but their increasing autonomy in real-world applications raises concerns about their trustworthiness. While hallucinations-unintentional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Haoran Huan , Mihir Prabhudesai , Mengning Wu , Shantanu Jaiswal , Deepak Pathak

Despite their powerful chat, coding, and reasoning abilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently hallucinate. Conventional wisdom suggests that hallucinations are a consequence of a balance between creativity and factuality, which can…

Large Language Models (LLMs) can make up answers that are not real, and this is known as hallucination. This research aims to see if, how, and to what extent LLMs are aware of hallucination. More specifically, we check whether and how an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Hanyu Duan , Yi Yang , Kar Yan Tam