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Anomaly segmentation aims to identify Out-of-Distribution (OoD) anomalous objects within images. Existing pixel-wise methods typically assign anomaly scores individually and employ a global thresholding strategy to segment anomalies.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Yuxing Liu , Ji Zhang , Zhou Xuchuan , Jingzhong Xiao , Huimin Yang , Jiaxin Zhong

Object detection is a pivotal task in computer vision that has received significant attention in previous years. Nonetheless, the capability of a detector to localise objects out of the training distribution remains unexplored. Whilst…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Brian K. S. Isaac-Medina , Yona Falinie A. Gaus , Neelanjan Bhowmik , Toby P. Breckon

The detection of unknown traffic obstacles is vital to ensure safe autonomous driving. The standard object-detection methods cannot identify unknown objects that are not included under predefined categories. This is because object-detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Chihiro Noguchi , Toshiaki Ohgushi , Masao Yamanaka

Semantic segmentation models, while effective for in-distribution categories, face challenges in real-world deployment due to encountering out-of-distribution (OoD) objects. Detecting these OoD objects is crucial for safety-critical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Wenjie Zhao , Jia Li , Xin Dong , Yu Xiang , Yunhui Guo

Safe navigation of self-driving cars and robots requires a precise understanding of their environment. Training data for perception systems cannot cover the wide variety of objects that may appear during deployment. Thus, reliable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Alexey Nekrasov , Rui Zhou , Miriam Ackermann , Alexander Hermans , Bastian Leibe , Matthias Rottmann

Within the context of autonomous driving, encountering unknown objects becomes inevitable during deployment in the open world. Therefore, it is crucial to equip standard semantic segmentation models with anomaly awareness. Many previous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Dan Zhang , Kaspar Sakmann , William Beluch , Robin Hutmacher , Yumeng Li

Out-of-distribution (OoD) detection and segmentation have attracted growing attention as concerns about AI security rise. Conventional OoD detection methods identify the existence of OoD objects but lack spatial localization, limiting their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Wenjie Zhao , Jia Li , Yunhui Guo

Recent works on predictive uncertainty estimation have shown promising results on Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) detection for semantic segmentation. However, these methods struggle to precisely locate the point of interest in the image, i.e,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Victor Besnier , Andrei Bursuc , David Picard , Alexandre Briot

With the emergence of transformer-based architectures and large language models (LLMs), the accuracy of road scene perception has substantially advanced. Nonetheless, current road scene segmentation approaches are predominantly trained on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Mi Zheng , Guanglei Yang , Zitong Huang , Zhenhua Guo , Kevin Han , Wangmeng Zuo

Out-of-distribution (OoD) inputs pose a persistent challenge to deep learning models, often triggering overconfident predictions on non-target objects. While prior work has primarily focused on refining scoring functions and adjusting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Changshun Wu , Weicheng He , Chih-Hong Cheng , Xiaowei Huang , Saddek Bensalem

Deep neural networks have shown outstanding performance in computer vision tasks such as semantic segmentation and have defined the state-of-the-art. However, these segmentation models are trained on a closed and predefined set of semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Samuel Marschall , Kira Maag

In recent years, deep neural networks have defined the state-of-the-art in semantic segmentation where their predictions are constrained to a predefined set of semantic classes. They are to be deployed in applications such as automated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Kira Maag , Tobias Riedlinger

Segmenting unknown or anomalous object instances is a critical task in autonomous driving applications, and it is approached traditionally as a per-pixel classification problem. However, reasoning individually about each pixel without…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Shyam Nandan Rai , Fabio Cermelli , Barbara Caputo , Carlo Masone

Given an object mask, Semi-supervised Video Object Segmentation (SVOS) technique aims to track and segment the object across video frames, serving as a fundamental task in computer vision. Although recent memory-based methods demonstrate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Guanyi Qin , Ziyue Wang , Daiyun Shen , Haofeng Liu , Hantao Zhou , Junde Wu , Runze Hu , Yueming Jin

Anomaly segmentation seeks to detect and localize unknown or out-of-distribution (OoD) objects that fall outside predefined semantic classes a capability essential for safe autonomous driving. However, the scarcity and limited diversity of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yuxing Liu , Zheng Li , Huanhuan Liang , Ji Zhang , Zeyu Sun , Yong Liu

Anomaly segmentation is a critical task for driving applications, and it is approached traditionally as a per-pixel classification problem. However, reasoning individually about each pixel without considering their contextual semantics…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Shyam Nandan Rai , Fabio Cermelli , Dario Fontanel , Carlo Masone , Barbara Caputo

Understanding the surrounding environment is fundamental in autonomous driving and robotic perception. Distinguishing between known classes and previously unseen objects is crucial in real-world environments, as done in Anomaly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Simone Mosco , Daniel Fusaro , Alberto Pretto

Safe autonomous systems in complex environments require robust road anomaly segmentation to identify unknown obstacles. However, existing approaches often rely on pixel-level statistics to determine whether a region appears anomalous. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zhuolin He , Jiacheng Tang , Jian Pu , Xiangyang Xue

To enhance autonomous driving safety in complex scenarios, various methods have been proposed to simulate LiDAR point cloud data. Nevertheless, these methods often face challenges in producing high-quality, diverse, and controllable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Tianyi Yan , Junbo Yin , Xianpeng Lang , Ruigang Yang , Cheng-Zhong Xu , Jianbing Shen

Out-of-distribution (OOD) object detection is a critical task focused on detecting objects that originate from a data distribution different from that of the training data. In this study, we investigate to what extent state-of-the-art…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Sadia Ilyas , Ido Freeman , Matthias Rottmann
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