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The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is an approach for near-term quantum computers to potentially demonstrate computational advantage in solving combinatorial optimization problems. However, the viability of the QAOA…

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a general purpose quantum algorithm designed for combinatorial optimization. We analyze its expected performance and prove concentration properties at any constant level (number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Joao Basso , David Gamarnik , Song Mei , Leo Zhou

Traditional methods for handling (inequality) constraints in the Quantum Approximate Optimization Ansatz (QAOA) typically rely on penalty terms and slack variables, which increase problem complexity and expand the search space. More…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-04 David Bucher , Jonas Stein , Sebastian Feld , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) -- one of the leading algorithms for applications on intermediate-scale quantum processors -- is designed to provide approximate solutions to combinatorial optimization problems with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-18 Pontus Vikstål , Laura García-Álvarez , Shruti Puri , Giulia Ferrini

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) represents a significant opportunity for practical quantum computing applications, particularly in the era before error correction is fully realized. This algorithm is especially…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-08 Yiwen Liu , Qingyue Jiao , Yidong Zhou , Zhiding Liang , Yiyu Shi , Ke Wan , Shangjie Guo

Quantum annealing correction (QAC) models provide a promising approach for mitigating errors in quantum annealers. Previous studies have established that QAC models are crucial for ensuring the robustness of the ground state of the Ising…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-09-16 Tomohiro Hattori , Shu Tanaka

This paper proposes a novel combination of constraint encoding methods for the Quantum Approximate Optimization Ansatz (QAOA). Real-world optimization problems typically consist of multiple types of constraints. To solve these optimization…

This article consists of a short introduction to the quantum approximation optimisation algorithm (QAOA). The mathematical structure of the QAOA, as well as its basic properties, are described. The implementation of the QAOA on MaxCut…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-25 Behzad Mansouri

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is an algorithm originally proposed to find approximate solutions to Combinatorial Optimization problems on quantum computers. However, the algorithm has also attracted interest for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-08 Pablo Díez-Valle , Diego Porras , Juan José García-Ripoll

We simulate the excited states of the Lipkin model using the recently proposed Quantum Equation of Motion (qEOM) method. The qEOM generalizes the EOM on classical computers and gives access to collective excitations based on quasi-boson…

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is widely seen as a possible usage of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. We analyze the algorithm as a bang-bang protocol with fixed total time and a randomized greedy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-16 Daniel Liang , Li Li , Stefan Leichenauer

The optimization of the power consumption of antenna networks is a problem with a potential impact in the field of telecommunications. In this work, we investigate the application of the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-18 Matteo Vandelli , Alessandra Lignarolo , Carlo Cavazzoni , Daniele Dragoni

The prospect of using quantum computers to solve combinatorial optimization problems via the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has attracted considerable interest in recent years. However, a key limitation associated with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-05 Alicia B. Magann , Kenneth M. Rudinger , Matthew D. Grace , Mohan Sarovar

Combinatorial optimization is anticipated to be one of the primary use cases for quantum computation in the coming years. The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) and Quantum Annealing (QA) can potentially demonstrate…

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) uses a quantum computer to implement a variational method with $2p$ layers of alternating unitary operators, optimized by a classical computer to minimize a cost function. While rigorous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-19 Raimel A. Medina , Maksym Serbyn

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a leading candidate algorithm for solving optimization problems on quantum computers. However, the potential of QAOA to tackle classically intractable problems remains unclear. Here,…

Quantum computing holds promise for outperforming classical computing in specialized applications such as optimization. With current Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices, only variational quantum algorithms like the Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-08 Daniel Müssig , Markus Wappler , Steve Lenk , Jörg Lässig

Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) provides a way to solve combinatorial optimization problems using quantum computers. QAOA circuits consist of time evolution operators by the cost Hamiltonian and of state mixing operators,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-02 Ryo Sakai , Hiromichi Matsuyama , Wai-Hong Tam , Yu Yamashiro , Keisuke Fujii

In this work, we benchmark two prominent quantum algorithms: Quantum Imaginary-Time Evolution (QITE) and the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) for obtaining the ground state of Ising-type Hamiltonians. Specifically, we apply…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-01 Ruizhe Shen , Zichang Hao , Ching Hua Lee

Quantum computers are expected to offer significant advantages in solving complex optimization problems that are challenging for classical computers. Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems represent an important class…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Teemu Pihkakoski , Aravind Plathanam Babu , Pauli Taipale , Petri Liimatta , Matti Silveri