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Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) addresses the growing need for transparency and interpretability in AI systems, enabling trust and accountability in decision-making processes. This book offers a comprehensive guide to XAI,…

As the manufacturing industry advances with sensor integration and automation, the opaque nature of deep learning models in machine learning poses a significant challenge for fault detection and diagnosis. And despite the related predictive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Ahmed Maged , Salah Haridy , Herman Shen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have played a pivotal role in advancing Artificial Intelligence (AI). However, despite their achievements, LLMs often struggle to explain their decision-making processes, making them a 'black box' and presenting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Avash Palikhe , Zhenyu Yu , Zichong Wang , Wenbin Zhang

The healthcare industry has been revolutionized by the convergence of Artificial Intelligence of Medical Things (AIoMT), allowing advanced data-driven solutions to improve healthcare systems. With the increasing complexity of Artificial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Al Amin , Kamrul Hasan , Saleh Zein-Sabatto , Deo Chimba , Imtiaz Ahmed , Tariqul Islam

In the meantime, a wide variety of terminologies, motivations, approaches, and evaluation criteria have been developed within the research field of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). With the amount of XAI methods vastly growing, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Gesina Schwalbe , Bettina Finzel

In recent years, deep learning has achieved unprecedented success in various computer vision tasks, particularly in object detection. However, the black-box nature and high complexity of deep neural networks pose significant challenges for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 FatemehSadat Seyedmomeni , Mohammad Ali Keyvanrad

There has recently been a surge of work in explanatory artificial intelligence (XAI). This research area tackles the important problem that complex machines and algorithms often cannot provide insights into their behavior and thought…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Leilani H. Gilpin , David Bau , Ben Z. Yuan , Ayesha Bajwa , Michael Specter , Lalana Kagal

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has experienced a significant growth over the last few years. This is due to the widespread application of machine learning, particularly deep learning, that has led to the development of highly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Giulia Vilone , Luca Longo

Nowadays, deep neural networks are widely used in mission critical systems such as healthcare, self-driving vehicles, and military which have direct impact on human lives. However, the black-box nature of deep neural networks challenges its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Arun Das , Paul Rad

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is an emerging research field bringing transparency to highly complex and opaque machine learning (ML) models. Despite the development of a multitude of methods to explain the decisions of black-box…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Leander Weber , Sebastian Lapuschkin , Alexander Binder , Wojciech Samek

Machine learning (ML) has rapidly advanced in recent years, revolutionizing fields such as finance, medicine, and cybersecurity. In malware detection, ML-based approaches have demonstrated high accuracy; however, their lack of transparency…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Harikha Manthena , Shaghayegh Shajarian , Jeffrey Kimmell , Mahmoud Abdelsalam , Sajad Khorsandroo , Maanak Gupta

Breast cancer (BC) stands as one of the most common malignancies affecting women worldwide, necessitating advancements in diagnostic methodologies for better clinical outcomes. This article provides a comprehensive exploration of the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Samita Bai , Sidra Nasir , Rizwan Ahmed Khan , Alexandre Meyer , Hubert Konik

Deep learning (DL) models have been popular due to their ability to learn directly from the raw data in an end-to-end paradigm, alleviating the concern of a separate error-prone feature extraction phase. Recent DL-based neuroimaging studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Md. Mahfuzur Rahman , Vince D. Calhoun , Sergey M. Plis

It is imperative that breast cancer is detected precisely and timely to improve patient outcomes. Diagnostic methodologies have traditionally relied on unimodal approaches; however, medical data analytics is integrating diverse data sources…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Faseela Abdullakutty , Younes Akbari , Somaya Al-Maadeed , Ahmed Bouridane , Rifat Hamoudi

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is an emerging area of research in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). XAI can explain how AI obtained a particular solution (e.g., classification or object detection) and can also answer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Prashant Gohel , Priyanka Singh , Manoranjan Mohanty

Nowadays Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a fundamental component of healthcare applications, both clinical and remote, but the best performing AI systems are often too complex to be self-explaining. Explainable AI (XAI) techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Flavio Di Martino , Franca Delmastro

The increasing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into everyday life makes it essential to explain AI-based decision-making in a way that is understandable to all users, including those with disabilities. Accessible explanations…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Chukwunonso Henry Nwokoye , Maria J. P. Peixoto , Akriti Pandey , Lauren Pardy , Mahadeo Sukhai , Peter R. Lewis

In the last years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has achieved a notable momentum that may deliver the best of expectations over many application sectors across the field. For this to occur, the entire community stands in front of the barrier…

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques are used to provide transparency to complex, opaque predictive models. However, these techniques are often designed for image and text data, and it is unclear how fit-for-purpose they are…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Mythreyi Velmurugan , Chun Ouyang , Yue Xu , Renuka Sindhgatta , Bemali Wickramanayake , Catarina Moreira