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With the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have gained significant attention, which aims to achieve efficient fine-tuning of LLMs with fewer parameters. As a representative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Dacao Zhang , Kun Zhang , Shimao Chu , Le Wu , Xin Li , Si Wei

In this paper, we introduce Symmetric Low-Rank Adapters, an optimized variant of LoRA with even fewer weights. This method utilizes Low-Rank Symmetric Weight Matrices to learn downstream tasks more efficiently. Traditional LoRA accumulates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Tales Panoutsos , Rodrygo L. T. Santos , Flavio Figueiredo

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is the bread and butter of Large Language Model (LLM) finetuning. LoRA learns an additive low-rank perturbation, $AB$, of a pretrained matrix parameter $W$ to align the model to a new task or dataset with $W+AB$.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Hai Huang , Randall Balestriero

Pruning the weights of neural networks is an effective and widely-used technique for reducing model size and inference complexity. We develop and test a novel method based on compressed sensing which combines the pruning and training into a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Jonathan W. Siegel , Jianhong Chen , Pengchuan Zhang , Jinchao Xu

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) enables parameter-efficient fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs), and recent Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) extensions further enhance flexibility by dynamically combining multiple LoRA experts. However, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Lin Mu , Haiyang Wang , Li Ni , Lei Sang , Zhize Wu , Peiquan Jin , Yiwen Zhang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures have become the dominant choice for scaling Large Language Models (LLMs), activating only a subset of parameters per token. While MoE architectures are primarily adopted for computational efficiency,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jeremy Herbst , Stefan Wermter , Jae Hee Lee

Low-Rank Adapters (LoRAs) have transformed the fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) by enabling parameter-efficient updates. However, their widespread adoption remains limited by the reliance on GPU-based training. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Reza Arabpour , Haitz Sáez de Ocáriz Borde , Anastasis Kratsios

Adapter-based methods have become a cost-effective approach to continual learning (CL) for Large Language Models (LLMs), by sequentially learning a low-rank update matrix for each task. To mitigate catastrophic forgetting, state-of-the-art…

Sparse Mixture of Expert (SMoE) models have emerged as a scalable alternative to dense models in language modeling. These models use conditionally activated feedforward subnetworks in transformer blocks, allowing for a separation between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Soumajyoti Sarkar , Leonard Lausen , Volkan Cevher , Sheng Zha , Thomas Brox , George Karypis

Fine-tuning is an important step in adapting foundation models such as large language models to downstream tasks. To make this step more accessible to users with limited computational budgets, it is crucial to develop fine-tuning methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Cen-Jhih Li , Aditya Bhaskara

The sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model is powerful for large-scale pre-training and has achieved promising results due to its model capacity. However, with trillions of parameters, MoE is hard to be deployed on cloud or mobile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Tianyu Chen , Shaohan Huang , Yuan Xie , Binxing Jiao , Daxin Jiang , Haoyi Zhou , Jianxin Li , Furu Wei

Low-rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as a powerful method for fine-tuning large-scale foundation models. Despite its popularity, the theoretical understanding of LoRA has remained limited. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Tuan Truong , Chau Nguyen , Huy Nguyen , Minh Le , Trung Le , Nhat Ho

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), a parameter-efficient fine-tuning method that leverages low-rank adaptation of weight matrices, has emerged as a prevalent technique for fine-tuning pre-trained models such as large language models and diffusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Yuchen Zeng , Kangwook Lee

State-of-the-art parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods rely on introducing adapter modules between the layers of a pretrained language model. However, such modules are trained separately for each task and thus do not enable sharing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Rabeeh Karimi Mahabadi , Sebastian Ruder , Mostafa Dehghani , James Henderson

LoRA and its variants have become popular parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods due to their ability to avoid excessive computational costs. However, an accuracy gap often exists between PEFT methods and full fine-tuning (FT), and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Haoze He , Juncheng Billy Li , Xuan Jiang , Heather Miller

We propose Orthogonal Monte Carlo Dropout, a mechanism that enforces strict orthogonality when combining sparse semantic vectors without extra time complexity. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), a popular fine-tuning method for large models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Andi Zhang , Xuan Ding , Haofan Wang , Steven McDonagh , Samuel Kaski

Merging multiple Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) experts into a single backbone is a promising approach for efficient multi-task deployment. While existing methods strive to alleviate interference via weight interpolation or subspace alignment,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Anda Cao , Zhuo Gou , Yi Wang , Kaixuan Chen , Yu Wang , Can Wang , Mingli Song , Jie Song

Adapting large pretrained models to new tasks efficiently and continually is crucial for real-world deployment but remains challenging due to catastrophic forgetting and the high cost of retraining. While parameter-efficient tuning methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Prakhar Kaushik , Ankit Vaidya , Shravan Chaudhari , Rama Chellappa , Alan Yuille

LoRA achieves remarkable resource efficiency and comparable performance when adapting LLMs for specific tasks. Since ChatGPT demonstrated superior performance on various tasks, there has been a growing desire to adapt one model for all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Yiming Wang , Yu Lin , Xiaodong Zeng , Guannan Zhang

With the ever-growing size of pretrained models (PMs), fine-tuning them has become more expensive and resource-hungry. As a remedy, low-rank adapters (LoRA) keep the main pretrained weights of the model frozen and just introduce some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Mojtaba Valipour , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Ivan Kobyzev , Ali Ghodsi