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Training deep neural networks with Stochastic Gradient Descent, or its variants, requires careful choice of both learning rate and batch size. While smaller batch sizes generally converge in fewer training epochs, larger batch sizes offer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-15 Aditya Devarakonda , Maxim Naumov , Michael Garland

The goal of this paper is to accelerate the training of machine learning models, a critical challenge since the training of large-scale deep neural models can be computationally expensive. Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) and its variants…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yuen Chen , Yian Wang , Hari Sundaram

In value-based deep reinforcement learning with replay memories, the batch size parameter specifies how many transitions to sample for each gradient update. Although critical to the learning process, this value is typically not adjusted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Johan Obando-Ceron , Marc G. Bellemare , Pablo Samuel Castro

Large-batch SGD is important for scaling training of deep neural networks. However, without fine-tuning hyperparameter schedules, the generalization of the model may be hampered. We propose to use batch augmentation: replicating instances…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-29 Elad Hoffer , Tal Ben-Nun , Itay Hubara , Niv Giladi , Torsten Hoefler , Daniel Soudry

It is well known that, for most datasets, the use of large-size minibatches for Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) typically leads to slow convergence and poor generalization. On the other hand, large minibatches are of great practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-20 Matteo Fischetti , Iacopo Mandatelli , Domenico Salvagnin

Modern deep neural networks often require distributed training with many workers due to their large size. As the number of workers increases, communication overheads become the main bottleneck in data-parallel minibatch stochastic gradient…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-07 Tim Tsz-Kit Lau , Weijian Li , Chenwei Xu , Han Liu , Mladen Kolar

This paper presents a methodology for selecting the mini-batch size that minimizes Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) learning time for single and multiple learner problems. By decoupling algorithmic analysis issues from hardware and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Michael P. Perrone , Haidar Khan , Changhoan Kim , Anastasios Kyrillidis , Jerry Quinn , Valentina Salapura

The success of the Adam optimizer on a wide array of architectures has made it the default in settings where stochastic gradient descent (SGD) performs poorly. However, our theoretical understanding of this discrepancy is lagging,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Frederik Kunstner , Jacques Chen , Jonathan Wilder Lavington , Mark Schmidt

We study how the batch size affects the total gradient variance in differentially private stochastic gradient descent (DP-SGD), seeking a theoretical explanation for the usefulness of large batch sizes. As DP-SGD is the basis of modern DP…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-20 Ossi Räisä , Joonas Jälkö , Antti Honkela

Deep learning networks are typically trained by Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) methods that iteratively improve the model parameters by estimating a gradient on a very small fraction of the training data. A major roadblock faced when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Tao Lin , Lingjing Kong , Sebastian U. Stich , Martin Jaggi

In view of a direct and simple improvement of vanilla SGD, this paper presents a fine-tuning of its step-sizes in the mini-batch case. For doing so, one estimates curvature, based on a local quadratic model and using only noisy gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-10 Camille Castera , Jérôme Bolte , Cédric Févotte , Edouard Pauwels

The right batch size is important when training language models at scale: a large batch size is necessary for fast training, but a batch size that is too large will harm token efficiency. To navigate this tradeoff, McCandlish et al. (2018)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 William Merrill , Shane Arora , Dirk Groeneveld , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is the prevailing approach for efficient large language model (LLM) fine-tuning. Building on this paradigm, recent studies have proposed alternative initialization strategies, architectural modifications, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yu-Ang Lee , Ching-Yun Ko , Pin-Yu Chen , Mi-Yen Yeh

In order to extract the best possible performance from asynchronous stochastic gradient descent one must increase the mini-batch size and scale the learning rate accordingly. In order to achieve further speedup we introduce a technique that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-17 Nikolay Bogoychev , Marcin Junczys-Dowmunt , Kenneth Heafield , Alham Fikri Aji

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is an estimation tool for large data employed in machine learning and statistics. Due to the Markovian nature of the SGD process, inference is a challenging problem. An underlying asymptotic normality of…

Computation · Statistics 2025-03-27 Rahul Singh , Abhinek Shukla , Dootika Vats

Pre-training large language models (LLMs) faces significant memory challenges due to the large size of model parameters. We introduce STaged parameter-Efficient Pre-training (STEP), which integrates parameter-efficient tuning techniques…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Kazuki Yano , Takumi Ito , Jun Suzuki

It is common practice to decay the learning rate. Here we show one can usually obtain the same learning curve on both training and test sets by instead increasing the batch size during training. This procedure is successful for stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-27 Samuel L. Smith , Pieter-Jan Kindermans , Chris Ying , Quoc V. Le

The choice of hyper-parameters affects the performance of neural models. While much previous research (Sutskever et al., 2013; Duchi et al., 2011; Kingma and Ba, 2015) focuses on accelerating convergence and reducing the effects of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Hongfei Xu , Josef van Genabith , Deyi Xiong , Qiuhui Liu

Practical results have shown that deep learning optimizers using small constant learning rates, hyperparameters close to one, and large batch sizes can find the model parameters of deep neural networks that minimize the loss functions. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Hideaki Iiduka

Large language models (LLMs) require enormous computing power to pretrain on massive datasets. When limited datasets are available, smaller-sized LLMs are better choice to pretrain (on user-specified datasets) by following the scaling laws…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Praveen Rao