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Spatial transcriptomics offers spatially resolved gene expression profiling within tissue sections, but its cost and limited throughput hinder large-scale deployment. To extend this capability to routine practice, recent computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Keunho Byeon , Jin Tae Kwak

In addition to evaluating tumor morphology using H&E staining, immunohistochemistry is used to assess the presence of specific proteins within the tissue. However, this is a costly and labor-intensive technique, for which virtual staining,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 José Teixeira , Pascal Klöckner , Diana Montezuma , Melis Erdal Cesur , João Fraga , Hugo M. Horlings , Jaime S. Cardoso , Sara P. Oliveira

Skin lesion segmentation (SLS) in dermoscopic images is a crucial task for automated diagnosis of melanoma. In this paper, we present a robust deep learning SLS model, so-called SLSDeep, which is represented as an encoder-decoder network.…

Modern histopathology relies on the microscopic examination of thin tissue sections stained with histochemical techniques, typically using brightfield or fluorescence microscopy. However, the staining of samples can permanently alter their…

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) enables mapping gene expression with spatial context but is severely affected by high sparsity and technical noise, which conceals true biological signals and hinders downstream analyses. To address these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Sayeem Bin Zaman , Fahim Hafiz , Riasat Azim

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) is a novel technique that simultaneously captures pathological images and gene expression profiling with spatial coordinates. Since ST is closely related to pathological features such as disease subtypes, it may…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Kazuya Nishimura , Ryoma Bise , Yasuhiro Kojima

Histology imaging is an essential diagnosis method to finalize the grade and stage of cancer of different tissues, especially for breast cancer diagnosis. Specialists often disagree on the final diagnosis on biopsy tissue due to the complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Yongxiang Huang , Albert Chi-shing Chung

Recent advances in multi-modal algorithms have driven and been driven by the increasing availability of large image-text datasets, leading to significant strides in various fields, including computational pathology. However, in most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Jiawen Chen , Muqing Zhou , Wenrong Wu , Jinwei Zhang , Yun Li , Didong Li

State-of-the-art learned reconstruction methods often rely on black-box modules that, despite their strong performance, raise questions about their interpretability and robustness. Here, we build on a recently proposed image reconstruction…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Joshua Schulz , David Schote , Christoph Kolbitsch , Kostas Papafitsoros , Andreas Kofler

Histopathology remains the gold standard for cancer diagnosis because it provides detailed cellular-level assessment of tissue morphology. However, manual histopathological examination is time-consuming, labour-intensive, and subject to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Ravi Mosalpuri , Mohammed Abdelsamea , Ahmed Karam Eldaly

Histopathology imaging is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases. For this reason, computer-assisted approaches have gained popularity and shown promising results in tasks such as segmentation and classification of skin…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Luis Carlos Rivera Monroy , Leonhard Rist , Martin Eberhardt , Christian Ostalecki , Andreas Baur , Julio Vera , Katharina Breininger , Andreas Maier

Foundation models pretrained on large-scale histopathology data have found great success in various fields of computational pathology, but their impact on regressive biomarker prediction remains underexplored. In this work, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Alexander Blezinger , Wolfgang Nejdl , Ming Tang

Cancers are characterized by remarkable heterogeneity and diverse prognosis. Accurate cancer classification is essential for patient stratification and clinical decision-making. Although digital pathology has been advancing cancer diagnosis…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Xiaofei Wang , Hanyu Liu , Yupei Zhang , Boyang Zhao , Hao Duan , Wanming Hu , Yonggao Mou , Stephen Price , Chao Li

Performance of deep learning algorithms decreases drastically if the data distributions of the training and testing sets are different. Due to variations in staining protocols, reagent brands, and habits of technicians, color variation in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Abhijeet Patil , Mohd. Talha , Aniket Bhatia , Nikhil Cherian Kurian , Sammed Mangale , Sunil Patel , Amit Sethi

The overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in breast cells is a key driver of HER2-positive breast cancer, a highly aggressive subtype requiring precise diagnosis and targeted therapy. Immunohistochemistry…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Sara Rehmat , Hafeez Ur Rehman , Byeong-Gwon Kang , Sarra Ayouni , Yunyoung Nam

Annotating histopathological images is a time-consuming andlabor-intensive process, which requires broad-certificated pathologistscarefully examining large-scale whole-slide images from cells to tissues.Recent frontiers of transfer learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Dou Xu , Chang Cai , Chaowei Fang , Bin Kong , Jihua Zhu , Zhongyu Li

Pathology foundation models (PFMs) have emerged as a core approach for learning transferable representations from whole slide images (WSIs), and they are typically benchmarked through downstream clinical endpoints. While such task level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Bokai Zhao , Yiyang Zhang , Yuanchi Zhu , Hanqing Chao , Long Bai , Tai Ma , Minfeng Xu , Ming Song , Tianzi Jiang

Histopathological image analysis is an essential process for the discovery of diseases such as cancer. However, it is challenging to train CNN on whole slide images (WSIs) of gigapixel resolution considering the available memory capacity.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-11 Shusuke Takahama , Yusuke Kurose , Yusuke Mukuta , Hiroyuki Abe , Masashi Fukayama , Akihiko Yoshizawa , Masanobu Kitagawa , Tatsuya Harada

Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining is a cornerstone of pathological analysis, offering reliable visualization of cellular morphology and tissue architecture for cancer diagnosis, subtyping, and grading. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-23 Amit Das , Naofumi Tomita , Kyle J. Syme , Weijie Ma , Paige O'Connor , Kristin N. Corbett , Bing Ren , Xiaoying Liu , Saeed Hassanpour

Spatial transcriptomics allows researchers to visualize and analyze gene expression within the precise location of tissues or cells. It provides spatially resolved gene expression data but often lacks cellular resolution, necessitating cell…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-27 Jiasen Zhang , Xi Qiao , Liangliang Zhang , Weihong Guo