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Question-answering (QA) models have advanced significantly in machine reading comprehension but often exhibit biases that hinder their performance, particularly with complex queries in adversarial conditions. This study evaluates the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yuefeng Wang , ChangJae Lee

Pre-trained models with dual and cross encoders have shown remarkable success in propelling the landscape of several tasks in vision and language in Visual Question Answering (VQA). However, since they are limited by the requirements of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Khyathi Raghavi Chandu , Alborz Geramifard

In spoken question answering, QA systems are designed to answer questions from contiguous text spans within the related speech transcripts. However, the most natural way that human seek or test their knowledge is via human conversations.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Chenyu You , Nuo Chen , Fenglin Liu , Dongchao Yang , Yuexian Zou

The Automated Audio Captioning (AAC) task asks models to generate natural language descriptions of an audio input. Evaluating these machine-generated audio captions is a complex task that requires considering diverse factors, among them,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Tsung-Han Wu , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Trevor Darrell , David M. Chan

Curriculum learning methods typically rely on heuristics to estimate the difficulty of training examples or the ability of the model. In this work, we propose replacing difficulty heuristics with learned difficulty parameters. We also…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-03 John P. Lalor , Hong Yu

Question answering (QA) tasks have been posed using a variety of formats, such as extractive span selection, multiple choice, etc. This has led to format-specialized models, and even to an implicit division in the QA community. We argue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Daniel Khashabi , Sewon Min , Tushar Khot , Ashish Sabharwal , Oyvind Tafjord , Peter Clark , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Previous work has shown that it is possible to improve speech recognition by learning acoustic features from paired acoustic-articulatory data, for example by using canonical correlation analysis (CCA) or its deep extensions. One limitation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-21 Qingming Tang , Weiran Wang , Karen Livescu

Speech Quality Assessment (SQA) and Continuous Speech Emotion Recognition (CSER) are two key tasks in speech technology, both relying on listener ratings. However, these ratings are inherently biased due to individual listener factors.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Cheng-Hung Hu , Yusuke Yasuda , Akifumi Yoshimoto , Tomoki Toda

Visual Question Answering (VQA) deep-learning systems tend to capture superficial statistical correlations in the training data because of strong language priors and fail to generalize to test data with a significantly different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Jialin Wu , Raymond J. Mooney

Recent video question answering benchmarks indicate that state-of-the-art models struggle to answer compositional questions. However, it remains unclear which types of compositional reasoning cause models to mispredict. Furthermore, it is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Mona Gandhi , Mustafa Omer Gul , Eva Prakash , Madeleine Grunde-McLaughlin , Ranjay Krishna , Maneesh Agrawala

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) demonstrate impressive general audio understanding, but once deployed, they are static and fail to improve with new real-world audio data. As traditional supervised fine-tuning is costly, we introduce a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-23 Haoyu Zhang , Jiaxian Guo , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo

Context-based question answering (CBQA) models provide more accurate and relevant answers by considering the contextual information. They effectively extract specific information given a context, making them functional in various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Muhammad Muneeb , David B. Ascher , Ahsan Baidar Bakht

Audio-visual correlation learning aims to capture and understand natural phenomena between audio and visual data. The rapid growth of Deep Learning propelled the development of proposals that process audio-visual data and can be observed in…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Luis Vilaca , Yi Yu , Paula Vinan

Spatial audio understanding aims to enable machines to interpret complex auditory scenes, particularly when sound sources move over time. In this work, we study Spatial Audio Question Answering (Spatial AQA) with a focus on movement…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Arvind Krishna Sridhar , Yinyi Guo , Erik Visser

Research in music understanding has extensively explored composition-level attributes such as key, genre, and instrumentation through advanced representations, leading to cross-modal applications using large language models. However,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-17 Huan Zhang , Vincent Cheung , Hayato Nishioka , Simon Dixon , Shinichi Furuya

Audio-Visual Question Answering (AVQA) is a challenging multimodal reasoning task requiring intelligent systems to answer natural language queries based on paired audio-video inputs accurately. However, existing AVQA approaches often suffer…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Jie Ma , Zhitao Gao , Qi Chai , Jun Liu , Pinghui Wang , Jing Tao , Zhou Su

Dialogue policy learning based on reinforcement learning is difficult to be applied to real users to train dialogue agents from scratch because of the high cost. User simulators, which choose random user goals for the dialogue agent to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Yangyang Zhao , Zhenyu Wang , Zhenhua Huang

We introduce GQA, a new dataset for real-world visual reasoning and compositional question answering, seeking to address key shortcomings of previous VQA datasets. We have developed a strong and robust question engine that leverages scene…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Drew A. Hudson , Christopher D. Manning

Visual Question Answering (VQA) systems are notoriously brittle under distribution shifts and data scarcity. While previous solutions-such as ensemble methods and data augmentation-can improve performance in isolation, they fail to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Ahmed Akl , Abdelwahed Khamis , Zhe Wang , Ali Cheraghian , Sara Khalifa , Kewen Wang

In the context of Audio Visual Question Answering (AVQA) tasks, the audio visual modalities could be learnt on three levels: 1) Spatial, 2) Temporal, and 3) Semantic. Existing AVQA methods suffer from two major shortcomings; the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Asmar Nadeem , Adrian Hilton , Robert Dawes , Graham Thomas , Armin Mustafa