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In recent years, language models have become increasingly larger and more complex. However, the input representations for these models continue to rely on simple and greedy subword tokenization methods. In this paper, we propose a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-14 David Samuel , Lilja Øvrelid

Recent advances in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) have demonstrated remarkable accuracy and robustness in diverse audio applications, such as live transcription and voice command processing. However, deploying these models on…

Most existing neural-based text-to-speech methods rely on extensive datasets and face challenges under low-resource condition. In this paper, we introduce a novel semi-supervised text-to-speech synthesis model that learns from both paired…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Jianzong Wang , Pengcheng Li , Xulong Zhang , Ning Cheng , Jing Xiao

Story visualization advances the traditional text-to-image generation by enabling multiple image generation based on a complete story. This task requires machines to 1) understand long text inputs and 2) produce a globally consistent image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Hong Chen , Rujun Han , Te-Lin Wu , Hideki Nakayama , Nanyun Peng

Speech codecs that convert continuous speech signals into discrete tokens have become essential for speech language models. However, existing codecs struggle to balance high-quality reconstruction with semantically rich representations,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-16 Wenxi Chen , Xinsheng Wang , Ruiqi Yan , Yushen Chen , Zhikang Niu , Ziyang Ma , Xiquan Li , Yuzhe Liang , Hanlin Wen , Shunshun Yin , Ming Tao , Xie Chen

Voice conversion (VC) is a task to transform a person's voice to different style while conserving linguistic contents. Previous state-of-the-art on VC is based on sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) model, which could mislead linguistic…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-28 Tae-Ho Kim , Sungjae Cho , Shinkook Choi , Sejik Park , Soo-Young Lee

One-shot voice conversion (VC) with only a single target speaker's speech for reference has become a hot research topic. Existing works generally disentangle timbre, while information about pitch, rhythm and content is still mixed together.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-24 SiCheng Yang , Methawee Tantrawenith , Haolin Zhuang , Zhiyong Wu , Aolan Sun , Jianzong Wang , Ning Cheng , Huaizhen Tang , Xintao Zhao , Jie Wang , Helen Meng

This paper proposes a voice conversion (VC) method using sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq or S2S) learning, which flexibly converts not only the voice characteristics but also the pitch contour and duration of input speech. The proposed…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Hirokazu Kameoka , Kou Tanaka , Damian Kwasny , Takuhiro Kaneko , Nobukatsu Hojo

Existing privacy-preserving speech representation learning methods target a single application domain. In this paper, we present a novel framework to anonymize utterance-level speech embeddings generated by pre-trained encoders and show its…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-27 Minh Tran , Mohammad Soleymani

Voice conversion refers to transferring speaker identity with well-preserved content. Better disentanglement of speech representations leads to better voice conversion. Recent studies have found that phonetic information from input audio…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Yimin Deng , Huaizhen Tang , Xulong Zhang , Ning Cheng , Jing Xiao , Jianzong Wang

Voice conversion systems have made significant advancements in terms of naturalness and similarity in common voice conversion tasks. However, their performance in more complex tasks such as cross-lingual voice conversion and expressive…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-04 Houjian Guo , Chaoran Liu , Carlos Toshinori Ishi , Hiroshi Ishiguro

Self supervised representation learning has recently attracted a lot of research interest for both the audio and visual modalities. However, most works typically focus on a particular modality or feature alone and there has been very…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-21 Abhinav Shukla , Konstantinos Vougioukas , Pingchuan Ma , Stavros Petridis , Maja Pantic

Transformers have evolved with great success in various artificial intelligence tasks. Thanks to our recent prevalence of self-attention mechanisms, which capture long-term dependency, phenomenal outcomes in speech processing and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Shruti Singh , Muskaan Singh , Virender Kadyan

Vector quantization is a technique in machine learning that discretizes continuous representations into a set of discrete vectors. It is widely employed in tokenizing data representations for large language models, diffusion models, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Wenhao Zhao , Qiran Zou , Rushi Shah , Dianbo Liu

Neural audio codecs provide compact discrete representations for speech generation and manipulation. However, most codecs organize tokens as frame-level sequences, making it difficult to study or intervene on global factors of variation. In…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Francesco Paissan , Luca Della Libera , Mirco Ravanelli , Cem Subakan

Speech 'in-the-wild' is a handicap for speaker recognition systems due to the variability induced by real-life conditions, such as environmental noise and the emotional state of the speaker. Taking advantage of the principles of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-17 Esther Rituerto-González , Carmen Peláez-Moreno

Discrete audio tokens have recently gained attention for their potential to bridge the gap between audio and language processing. Ideal audio tokens must preserve content, paralinguistic elements, speaker identity, and many other audio…

Voice-enabled interactions provide more human-like experiences in many popular IoT systems. Cloud-based speech analysis services extract useful information from voice input using speech recognition techniques. The voice signal is a rich…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Ranya Aloufi , Hamed Haddadi , David Boyle

This study introduces a novel knowledge enhanced tokenisation mechanism, K-Tokeniser, for clinical text processing. Technically, at initialisation stage, K-Tokeniser populates global representations of tokens based on semantic types of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Abul Hasan , Jinge Wu , Quang Ngoc Nguyen , Salomé Andres , Imane Guellil , Huayu Zhang , Arlene Casey , Beatrice Alex , Bruce Guthrie , Honghan Wu

Spoken language models (SLMs) typically discretize speech into high-frame-rate tokens extracted from SSL speech models. As the most successful LMs are based on the Transformer architecture, processing these long token streams with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Nicholas Lee , Cheol Jun Cho , Alan W Black , Gopala K. Anumanchipalli