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The use of LLMs as automated judges ("LLM-as-a-judge") is now widespread, yet standard judges suffer from a multitude of reliability issues. To address these challenges, we introduce Verdict, an open-source library for scaling judge-time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Nimit Kalra , Leonard Tang

While large language models (LLMs) have been used for automated grading, they have not yet achieved the same level of performance as humans, especially when it comes to grading complex questions. Existing research on this topic focuses on a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Wenjing Xie , Juxin Niu , Chun Jason Xue , Nan Guan

LLM-as-a-Judge leverages the generative and reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) to evaluate LLM responses across diverse scenarios, providing accurate preference signals. This approach plays a vital role in aligning LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Jiachen Yu , Shaoning Sun , Xiaohui Hu , Jiaxu Yan , Kaidong Yu , Xuelong Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities across diverse tasks, driving the development and widespread adoption of LLM-as-a-Judge systems for automated evaluation, including red teaming and benchmarking.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Songze Li , Chuokun Xu , Jiaying Wang , Xueluan Gong , Chen Chen , Jirui Zhang , Jun Wang , Kwok-Yan Lam , Shouling Ji

From pre-trained language model (PLM) to large language model (LLM), the field of natural language processing (NLP) has witnessed steep performance gains and wide practical uses. The evaluation of a research field guides its direction of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Ziyu Zhuang , Qiguang Chen , Longxuan Ma , Mingda Li , Yi Han , Yushan Qian , Haopeng Bai , Zixian Feng , Weinan Zhang , Ting Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-3 and GPT-4 have emerged as groundbreaking innovations with capabilities that extend far beyond traditional AI applications. These sophisticated models, trained on massive datasets, can generate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Md Asraful Haque

As interactive LLM-based applications are created and refined, model developers need to evaluate the quality of generated text along many possible axes. For simpler systems, human evaluation may be practical, but in complicated systems like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Zhenwei Tang , Zhaoyan Liu , Rasa Hosseinzadeh , Tongzi Wu , Keyvan Golestan , Jesse C. Cresswell

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have incentivized the development of LLM-as-a-judge, an application of LLMs where they are used as judges to decide the quality of a certain piece of text given a certain context. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xiaolin Zhou , Zheng Luo , Yicheng Gao , Qixuan Chen , Xiyang Hu , Yue Zhao , Ruishan Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are finding applications in numerous domains, and Requirements Engineering (RE) is increasingly benefiting from their capabilities to assist with complex, language-intensive tasks. This paper presents a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Mohammad Amin Zadenoori , Jacek Dąbrowski , Waad Alhoshan , Liping Zhao , Alessio Ferrari

As qualitative researchers show growing interest in using automated tools to support interpretive analysis, a large language model (LLM) is often introduced into an analytic workflow as is, without systematic evaluation of interpretive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Songhee Han , Jueun Shin , Jiyoon Han , Bung-Woo Jun , Hilal Ayan Karabatman

Evaluating natural language generation (NLG) systems remains a core challenge of natural language processing (NLP), further complicated by the rise of large language models (LLMs) that aims to be general-purpose. Recently, large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Khaoula Chehbouni , Mohammed Haddou , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung , Golnoosh Farnadi

LLM-as-a-Judge has been widely utilized as an evaluation method in various benchmarks and served as supervised rewards in model training. However, despite their excellence in many domains, potential issues are under-explored, undermining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Jiayi Ye , Yanbo Wang , Yue Huang , Dongping Chen , Qihui Zhang , Nuno Moniz , Tian Gao , Werner Geyer , Chao Huang , Pin-Yu Chen , Nitesh V Chawla , Xiangliang Zhang

Course evaluation plays a critical role in ensuring instructional quality and guiding curriculum development in higher education. However, traditional evaluation methods, such as student surveys, classroom observations, and expert reviews,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Bo Yuan , Jiazi Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly surpassing human knowledge in many domains. While improving these models traditionally relies on costly human data, recent self-rewarding mechanisms (Yuan et al., 2024) have shown that LLMs can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Tianhao Wu , Weizhe Yuan , Olga Golovneva , Jing Xu , Yuandong Tian , Jiantao Jiao , Jason Weston , Sainbayar Sukhbaatar

As large language models are increasingly deployed across diverse real-world applications, extending automated evaluation beyond English has become a critical challenge. Existing evaluation approaches are predominantly English-focused, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Ivaxi Sheth , Zeno Jonke , Amin Mantrach , Saab Mansour

Ensuring that large language models (LLMs) reflect diverse user values and preferences is crucial as their user bases expand globally. It is therefore encouraging to see the growing interest in LLM personalization within the research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yijiang River Dong , Tiancheng Hu , Nigel Collier

When asked, large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT claim that they can assist with relevance judgments but it is not clear whether automated judgments can reliably be used in evaluations of retrieval systems. In this perspectives paper,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used as automated judges, where practical value depends on both accuracy and trustworthy, risk-aware judgments. Existing approaches predominantly focus on accuracy, overlooking the necessity of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Zailong Tian , Zhuoheng Han , Yanzhe Chen , Haozhe Xu , Xi Yang , Richeng Xuan , Houfeng Wang , Lizi Liao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized AI-generated content evaluation, with the LLM-as-a-Judge paradigm becoming increasingly popular. However, current single-LLM evaluation approaches face significant challenges, including…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yiyue Qian , Shinan Zhang , Yun Zhou , Haibo Ding , Diego Socolinsky , Yi Zhang

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) presents transformative opportunities for education, generating numerous novel application scenarios. However, significant challenges remain: evaluation metrics vary substantially across…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Shou'ang Wei , Xinyun Wang , Shuzhen Bi , Jian Chen , Ruijia Li , Bo Jiang , Xin Lin , Min Zhang , Yu Song , BingDong Li , Aimin Zhou , Hao Hao
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