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This study addresses the challenge of statistically extracting generative factors from complex, high-dimensional datasets in unsupervised or semi-supervised settings. We investigate encoder-decoder-based generative models for nonlinear…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-02 Arkaprabha Ganguli , Nesar Ramachandra , Julie Bessac , Emil Constantinescu

We address the problem of unsupervised disentanglement of latent representations learnt via deep generative models. In contrast to current approaches that operate on the evidence lower bound (ELBO), we argue that statistical independence in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-08 Abdul Fatir Ansari , Harold Soh

Deep supervised neural networks trained to classify objects have emerged as popular models of computation in the primate ventral stream. These models represent information with a high-dimensional distributed population code, implying that…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-01-19 Irina Higgins , Le Chang , Victoria Langston , Demis Hassabis , Christopher Summerfield , Doris Tsao , Matthew Botvinick

As we enter the era of machine learning characterized by an overabundance of data, discovery, organization, and interpretation of the data in an unsupervised manner becomes a critical need. One promising approach to this endeavour is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Vaishnavi Patil , Matthew Evanusa , Joseph JaJa

Data-driven reduced-order models based on autoencoders generally lack interpretability compared to classical methods such as the proper orthogonal decomposition. More interpretability can be gained by disentangling the latent variables and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Henning Schwarz , Pyei Phyo Lin , Jens-Peter M. Zemke , Thomas Rung

Recent state-of-the-art autoencoder based generative models have an encoder-decoder structure and learn a latent representation with a pre-defined distribution that can be sampled from. Implementing the encoder networks of these models in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-11 D. T. Braithwaite , M. O'Connor , W. B. Kleijn

Variational autoencoders (VAEs) often struggle to represent non-commutative structure in learned latent spaces. Symmetry-aware VAEs commonly address this issue by enforcing commutativity through algebraic regularization, which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Tahereh Dehdarirad , Michael Felsberg , Gabriel Eilertsen , Ziliang Xiong

Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) were originally motivated (Kingma & Welling, 2014) as probabilistic generative models in which one performs approximate Bayesian inference. The proposal of $\beta$-VAEs (Higgins et al., 2017) breaks this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-10 Tim Z. Xiao , Robert Bamler

Learning interpretable latent representations from tabular data remains a challenge in deep generative modeling. We introduce SE-VAE (Structural Equation-Variational Autoencoder), a novel architecture that embeds measurement structure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Ruiyu Zhang , Ce Zhao , Xin Zhao , Lin Nie , Wai-Fung Lam

Representation disentanglement may help AI fundamentally understand the real world and thus benefit both discrimination and generation tasks. It currently has at least three unresolved core issues: (i) heavy reliance on label annotation and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Xin Jin , Bohan Li , BAAO Xie , Wenyao Zhang , Jinming Liu , Ziqiang Li , Tao Yang , Wenjun Zeng

Variational Autoencoders (VAE) are probabilistic deep generative models underpinned by elegant theory, stable training processes, and meaningful manifold representations. However, they produce blurry images due to a lack of explicit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Prashnna K Gyawali , Rudra Saha , Linwei Wang , VSR Veeravasarapu , Maneesh Singh

Understanding the structure of complex, nonstationary, high-dimensional time-evolving signals is a central challenge in scientific data analysis. In many domains, such as speech and biomedical signal processing, the ability to learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ioannis Ziogas , Aamna Al Shehhi , Ahsan H. Khandoker , Leontios J. Hadjileontiadis

Disentangled representation learning has recently attracted a significant amount of attention, particularly in the field of image representation learning. However, learning the disentangled representations behind a graph remains largely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Xiaojie Guo , Liang Zhao , Zhao Qin , Lingfei Wu , Amarda Shehu , Yanfang Ye

We view disentanglement learning as discovering an underlying structure that equivariantly reflects the factorized variations shown in data. Traditionally, such a structure is fixed to be a vector space with data variations represented by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Xinqi Zhu , Chang Xu , Dacheng Tao

Learning disentangled representation of data without supervision is an important step towards improving the interpretability of generative models. Despite recent advances in disentangled representation learning, existing approaches often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Wonkwang Lee , Donggyun Kim , Seunghoon Hong , Honglak Lee

While unsupervised variational autoencoders (VAE) have become a powerful tool in neuroimage analysis, their application to supervised learning is under-explored. We aim to close this gap by proposing a unified probabilistic model for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-15 Qingyu Zhao , Ehsan Adeli , Nicolas Honnorat , Tuo Leng , Kilian M. Pohl

We develop the sparse VAE for unsupervised representation learning on high-dimensional data. The sparse VAE learns a set of latent factors (representations) which summarize the associations in the observed data features. The underlying…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-16 Gemma E. Moran , Dhanya Sridhar , Yixin Wang , David M. Blei

Variational AutoEncoders (VAEs) provide a means to generate representational latent embeddings. Previous research has highlighted the benefits of achieving representations that are disentangled, particularly for downstream tasks. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Matthew J. Vowels , Necati Cihan Camgoz , Richard Bowden

Current autoencoder-based disentangled representation learning methods achieve disentanglement by penalizing the (aggregate) posterior to encourage statistical independence of the latent factors. This approach introduces a trade-off between…

Disentangled Representation Learning aims to improve the explainability of deep learning methods by training a data encoder that identifies semantically meaningful latent variables in the data generation process. Nevertheless, there is no…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Ruoyu Wang , Lina Yao