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The European Space Agency's Sentinel-2 satellite provides global multispectral coverage for remote sensing (RS) applications. However, limited spectral resolution (12 bands) and non-unified spatial resolution (60/20/10 m) restrict their…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-03 Si-Sheng Young , Chia-Hsiang Lin

Mainstream optical satellites often acquire multispectral multi-resolution images, which have limited material identifiability compared to the HSIs. Thus, spectrally super-resolving the MSI into their hyperspectral counterparts greatly…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-22 Chia-Hsiang Lin , Zi-Chao Leng

The Sentinel-2 satellite mission delivers multi-spectral imagery with 13 spectral bands, acquired at three different spatial resolutions. The aim of this research is to super-resolve the lower-resolution (20 m and 60 m Ground Sampling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Charis Lanaras , José Bioucas-Dias , Silvano Galliani , Emmanuel Baltsavias , Konrad Schindler

Multispectral Sentinel-2 images are a valuable source of Earth observation data, however spatial resolution of their spectral bands limited to 10 m, 20 m, and 60 m ground sampling distance remains insufficient in many cases. This problem…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Tomasz Tarasiewicz , Jakub Nalepa , Reuben A. Farrugia , Gianluca Valentino , Mang Chen , Johann A. Briffa , Michal Kawulok

A new resolution enhancement method is presented for multispectral and multi-resolution images, such as these provided by the Sentinel-2 satellites. Starting from the highest resolution bands, band-dependent information (reflectance) is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-04-05 Nicolas Brodu

In this work, we study the problem of single-image super-resolution (SISR) of Sentinel-2 imagery. We show that thanks to its unique sensor specification, namely the inter-band shift and alias, that deep-learning methods are able to recover…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Ngoc Long Nguyen , Jérémy Anger , Lara Raad , Bruno Galerne , Gabriele Facciolo

Thanks to their temporal-spatial coverage and free access, Sentinel-2 images are very interesting for the community. However, a relatively coarse spatial resolution, compared to that of state-of-the-art commercial products, motivates the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-02-08 Massimiliano Gargiulo

Insufficient image spatial resolution is a serious limitation in many practical scenarios, especially when acquiring images at a finer scale is infeasible or brings higher costs. This is inherent to remote sensing, including Sentinel-2…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-06 Pawel Kowaleczko , Tomasz Tarasiewicz , Maciej Ziaja , Daniel Kostrzewa , Jakub Nalepa , Przemyslaw Rokita , Michal Kawulok

Sentinel-1 is a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) platform with an operational mode called extra wide (EW) that offers large regions of ocean areas to be observed. A major issue with EW images is that the cross-polarized HV and VH channels…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-13 Peter Q. Lee , Linlin Xu , David A. Clausi

This paper presents DiffFuSR, a modular pipeline for super-resolving all 12 spectral bands of Sentinel-2 Level-2A imagery to a unified ground sampling distance (GSD) of 2.5 meters. The pipeline comprises two stages: (i) a diffusion-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Muhammad Sarmad , Arnt-Børre Salberg , Michael Kampffmeyer

This paper investigates the enhancement of spatial resolution in Sentinel-2 bands that contain spectral information using advanced super-resolution techniques by a factor of 2. State-of-the-art CNN models are compared with enhanced GAN…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-22 Patrick Kramer , Alexander Steinhardt , Barbara Pedretscher

In this paper, we address the challenge of land use and land cover classification using Sentinel-2 satellite images. The Sentinel-2 satellite images are openly and freely accessible provided in the Earth observation program Copernicus. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-02-04 Patrick Helber , Benjamin Bischke , Andreas Dengel , Damian Borth

This paper presents a generative adversarial network based super-resolution (SR) approach (which is called as S2GAN) to enhance the spatial resolution of Sentinel-2 spectral bands. The proposed approach consists of two main steps. The first…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-24 Kexin Zhang , Gencer Sumbul , Begüm Demir

Landsat-8 (NASA) and Sentinel-2 (ESA) are two prominent multi-spectral imaging satellite projects that provide publicly available data. The multi-spectral imaging sensors of the satellites capture images of the earth's surface in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Venkatesh Thirugnana Sambandham , Konstantin Kirchheim , Sayan Mukhopadhaya , Frank Ortmeier

Remote Sensing applications can benefit from a relatively fine spatial resolution multispectral (MS) images and a high revisit frequency ensured by the twin satellites Sentinel-2. Unfortunately, only four out of thirteen bands are provided…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-26 Massimiliano Gargiulo , Domenico Antonio Giuseppe Dell'Aglio , Antonio Iodice , Daniele Riccio , Giuseppe Ruello

The Sentinel-2 mission provides multispectral imagery with 13 bands at resolutions of 10m, 20m, and 60m. In particular, the 10m bands offer fine structural detail, while the 20m bands capture richer spectral information. In this paper, we…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-08 Ivan Pereira-Sánchez , Daniel Torres , Francesc Alcover , Bartomeu Garau , Julia Navarro , Catalina Sbert , Joan Duran

Co-registering the Sentinel-1 SAR and Sentinel-2 optical data of European Space Agency (ESA) is of great importance for many remote sensing applications. However, we find that there are evident misregistration shifts between the Sentinel-1…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-15 Yuanxin Ye , Chao Yang , Bai Zhu , Youquan He , Huarong Jia

High-resolution satellite imagery is a key element for many Earth monitoring applications. Satellites such as Sentinel-2 feature characteristics that are favorable for super-resolution algorithms such as aliasing and band-misalignment.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Ngoc Long Nguyen , Jérémy Anger , Axel Davy , Pablo Arias , Gabriele Facciolo

High resolution remote sensing imagery is used in broad range of tasks, including detection and classification of objects. High-resolution imagery is however expensive, while lower resolution imagery is often freely available and can be…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-08 Muhammed Razzak , Gonzalo Mateo-Garcia , Luis Gómez-Chova , Yarin Gal , Freddie Kalaitzis

The availability of curated large-scale training data is a crucial factor for the development of well-generalizing deep learning methods for the extraction of geoinformation from multi-sensor remote sensing imagery. While quite some…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-20 Michael Schmitt , Lloyd Haydn Hughes , Chunping Qiu , Xiao Xiang Zhu
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