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As large language models (LLMs) continue to scale, the memory footprint of key-value (KV) caches during inference has become a significant bottleneck. Existing approaches primarily focus on compressing KV caches within a single prompt or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Xinye Zhao , Spyridon Mastorakis

The high memory demands of the Key-Value (KV) Cache during the inference of Large Language Models (LLMs) severely restrict their deployment in resource-constrained platforms. Quantization can effectively alleviate the memory pressure caused…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Fei Li , Song Liu , Weiguo Wu , Shiqiang Nie , Jinyu Wang

The quadratic complexity of the attention mechanism and the substantial memory footprint of the Key-Value (KV) cache present severe computational and memory challenges for Large Language Models (LLMs) processing long contexts. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Dongfang Li , Zixuan Liu , Gang Lin , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

The efficacy of Large Language Models (LLMs) in long-context tasks is often hampered by the substantial memory footprint and computational demands of the Key-Value (KV) cache. Current compression strategies, including token eviction and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Runchao Li , Yao Fu , Mu Sheng , Xianxuan Long , Haotian Yu , Pan Li

Recent advancements in Audio-Video Large Language Models (AV-LLMs) have enhanced their capabilities in tasks like audio-visual question answering and multimodal dialog systems. Video and audio introduce an extended temporal dimension,…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Zhonghua Jiang , Kui Chen , Kunxi Li , Keting Yin , Yiyun Zhou , Zhaode Wang , Chengfei Lv , Shengyu Zhang

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have already achieved remarkable results on long-text tasks, but the limited GPU memory (VRAM) resources struggle to accommodate the linearly growing demand for key-value (KV) cache as the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Shibo Jie , Yehui Tang , Kai Han , Zhi-Hong Deng , Jing Han

Vision-Language Large Models (VLLMs) face significant efficiency challenges when processing high-resolution inputs. The quadratic complexity in attention and autoregressive generation, as well as the constantly growing key value (KV) cache…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Zhonghua Jiang , Kunxi Li , Yiyun Zhou , Sihao Liu , Zhaode Wang , Chengfei lv , Shengyu Zhang

The increasing input sequence length in Large Language Models (LLMs) puts significant pressure on key-value (KV) cache storage, making efficient inference challenging. Explicitly distinguishing attention behavior into our self-defined…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Mengjie Li , William J. Song

Large language models have revolutionized natural language processing, yet their deployment remains hampered by the substantial memory and runtime overhead of the transformer's Key-Value cache. To mitigate this, recent methods employ a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Yuan Feng , Haoyu Guo , JunLin Lv , S. Kevin Zhou , Xike Xie

Key-value (KV) cache compression has emerged as a critical technique for reducing the memory and latency overhead of autoregressive language models during inference. Prior approaches predominantly rely on query-key attention scores to rank…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Ayan Sengupta , Siddhant Chaudhary , Tanmoy Chakraborty

The growing memory footprint of the Key-Value (KV) cache poses a severe scalability bottleneck for long-context Large Language Model (LLM) inference. While KV cache eviction has emerged as an effective solution by discarding less critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Jinhan Chen , Jianchun Liu , Hongli Xu , Xianjun Gao , Shilong Wang

Supporting long-context LLMs is challenging due to the substantial memory demands of the key-value (KV) cache. Existing offloading systems store the full cache in host memory and selectively fetch critical entries during decoding, but this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jian Lin , Jiazhi Mi , Zicong Hong , Haodong Wang , Qianli Liu , Haodyue Zhang , Peng Li , Song Guo

Long-context LLMs have enabled numerous downstream applications but also introduced significant challenges related to computational and memory efficiency. To address these challenges, optimizations for long-context inference have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Yucheng Li , Huiqiang Jiang , Qianhui Wu , Xufang Luo , Surin Ahn , Chengruidong Zhang , Amir H. Abdi , Dongsheng Li , Jianfeng Gao , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

Processing long-context inputs with large language models presents a significant challenge due to the enormous memory requirements of the Key-Value (KV) cache during inference. Existing KV cache compression methods exhibit noticeable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Dongquan Yang , Yifan Yang , Xiaotian Yu , Xianbiao Qi , Rong Xiao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in long-context tasks such as reasoning, code generation, and multi-turn dialogue. However, inference over extended contexts is bottlenecked by the Key-Value (KV) cache, whose memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Seonghwan Choi , Beomseok Kang , Dongwon Jo , Jae-Joon Kim

Large language models (LLMs) with extended context windows have become increasingly prevalent for tackling complex tasks. However, the substantial Key-Value (KV) cache required for long-context LLMs poses significant deployment challenges.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Jie Hu , Shengnan Wang , Yutong He , Ping Gong , Jiawei Yi , Juncheng Zhang , Youhui Bai , Renhai Chen , Gong Zhang , Cheng Li , Kun Yuan

The impressive capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) come at the cost of substantial computational resources during deployment. While KV Cache can significantly reduce recomputation during inference, it also introduces additional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Yi Su , Yuechi Zhou , Quantong Qiu , Juntao Li , Qingrong Xia , Ping Li , Xinyu Duan , Zhefeng Wang , Min Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in natural language processing tasks but pose significant computational and memory challenges for edge deployment due to their intensive resource demands. This work addresses the efficiency of LLM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Zhican Wang , Hongxiang Fan , Haroon Waris , Gang Wang , Zhenyu Li , Jianfei Jiang , Yanan Sun , Guanghui He

Large language models (LLMs) rely on Key-Value (KV) cache to reduce time-to-first-token (TTFT) latency, but existing disk-based KV cache systems using file-per-object layouts suffer from severe scalability bottlenecks due to file system…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Weiping Yu , Ye Jiarui , He Mengke , Junfeng Liu , Siqiang Luo

KV cache is a widely used acceleration technique for large language models (LLMs) inference. However, its memory requirement grows rapidly with input length. Previous studies have reduced the size of KV cache by either removing the same…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Xingyang He , Jie Liu , Shaowei Chen