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The Cyber threats exposure has created worldwide pressure on organizations to comply with cyber security standards and policies for protecting their digital assets. Vulnerability assessment (VA) and Penetration Testing (PT) are widely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Mohamed C. Ghanem , Thomas M. Chen , Mohamed A. Ferrag , Mohyi E. Kettouche

Numerous security metrics have been proposed in the past for protecting computer networks. However we still lack effective techniques to accurately measure the predictive security risk of an enterprise taking into account the dynamic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-01-09 Subil Abraham , Suku Nair

Multi-hop QA benchmarks frequently reward Large Language Models (LLMs) for spurious correctness, masking ungrounded or flawed reasoning steps. To shift toward rigorous reasoning, we propose SAFE, a dynamic benchmarking framework that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Daeyong Kwon , Soyoung Yoon , Seung-won Hwang

Deep learning models are increasingly used in scientific prediction tasks where strong benchmark performance is often interpreted as evidence of scientifically meaningful behavior. This interpretation is fragile, as models may exploit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Barbara Tarantino , Gennaro Auricchio , Paolo Giudici

The ability to analyze network threats is very important in security research. Traditional approaches, involving sandboxing technology are limited to simulating a single host, missing local network attacks. This issue is addressed by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Francisc Moldovan , Ciprian Oprisa

The rapid advancement of quantum computing poses a significant threat to many current security algorithms used for secure communication, digital authentication, and information encryption. A sufficiently powerful quantum computer could…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Basel Halak , Cristian Sebastian Csete , Edward Joyce , Jack Papaioannou , Alexandre Pires , Jin Soma , Betul Gokkaya , Michael Murphy

In the automotive industry there is a need to handle broad quality deficiencies, eg, performance, maintainability, cybersecurity, safety, and privacy, to mention a few. The idea is to prevent these issues from reaching end-users, ie, road…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Ricardo M. Czekster

Cybersecurity threat and risk analysis (RA) approaches are used to identify and mitigate security risks early-on in the software development life-cycle. Existing approaches automate only parts of the analysis procedure, leaving key…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Katja Tuma , Romy Van Der Lee

Hardware vulnerabilities are generally considered more difficult to fix than software ones because they are persistent after fabrication. Thus, it is crucial to assess the security and fix the vulnerabilities at earlier design phases, such…

Many software analysis techniques attempt to determine whether bugs are reachable, but for security purpose this is only part of the story as it does not indicate whether the bugs found could be easily triggered by an attacker. The recently…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Sébastien Bardin , Guillaume Girol

Techniques for verifying or invalidating the security of computer systems have come a long way in recent years. Extremely sophisticated tools are available to specify and formally verify the behavior of a system and, at the same time,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Matteo Busi , Riccardo Focardi , Flaminia Luccio

With the rapid advancement of 6G technology, the Tactile Internet is emerging as a novel paradigm of interaction, particularly in intelligent transportation systems, where stringent demands for ultra-low latency and high reliability are…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2025-11-07 Shakil Ahmed , Amika Tabassum , Ibrahim Almazyad , Ashfaq Khokhar

Enterprise engagement with open source has evolved from tactical adoption to strategic deep integration, exposing them to a complex risk landscape far beyond mere code. However, traditional risk management, narrowly focused on technical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Wenhao Yang , Minghui Zhou , Daniel Izquierdo Cortázar , Yehui Wang

Cyber networks are fundamental to many organization's infrastructure, and the size of cyber networks is increasing rapidly. Risk measurement of the entities/endpoints that make up the network via available knowledge about possible threats…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-29 Arda Bayer , David Maluf , Behnaam Aazhang

The automotive industry faces increasing challenges in ensuring both functional safety (FuSa) and cybersecurity for complex semiconductor devices. Traditional Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) primarily addresses safety-related…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Antonino Armato , Marzana Khatun , Sebastian Fischer

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into safety-critical systems introduces a new reliability paradigm: silent failures, where AI produces confident but incorrect outputs that can be dangerous. This paper introduces the Formal…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Guan-Yan Yang , Farn Wang

As the number of Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) continues to grow exponentially, security teams face increasingly difficult decisions about prioritization. Current approaches using Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Naoyuki Shimizu , Masaki Hashimoto

In today's rapidly evolving digital landscape, organisations face escalating cyber threats that can disrupt operations, compromise sensitive data, and inflict financial and reputational harm. A key reason for this lies in the organisations'…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Lasini Liyanage , Nalin Arachchilage , Giovanni Russello

The lack of high-quality public cyber incident data limits empirical research and predictive modeling for cyber risk assessment. This challenge persists due to the reluctance of companies to disclose incidents that could damage their…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-20 Jiayi Guo , Zhiyu Quan , Linfeng Zhang

Quantized large language models (LLMs) have gained increasing attention and significance for enabling deployment in resource-constrained environments. However, emerging studies on a few calibration dataset-free quantization methods suggest…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Kejia Chen , Jiawen Zhang , Jiacong Hu , Yu Wang , Jian Lou , Zunlei Feng , Mingli Song