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While Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has advanced the reasoning capabilities of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), most existing methods in multimodal reasoning neglect the critical role of visual perception within…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Siyuan Huang , Xiaoye Qu , Yafu Li , Yun Luo , Zefeng He , Daizong Liu , Yu Cheng

While Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has advanced reasoning in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), prevailing frameworks suffer from a foundational methodological flaw: by distributing identical advantages across…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Zekai Ye , Qiming Li , Xiaocheng Feng , Ruihan Chen , Ziming Li , Haoyu Ren , Kun Chen , Dandan Tu , Bing Qin

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has substantially enhanced the reasoning capabilities of multimodal large language models (MLLMs). However, existing RLVR approaches typically rely on outcome-driven optimization that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Ziqi Miao , Haonan Jia , Lijun Li , Chen Qian , Yuan Xiong , Wenting Yan , Jing Shao

While multimodal large language models excel at tasks that integrate visual perception with symbolic reasoning, their performance is often undermined by a critical vulnerability: perception-induced errors that propagate through the…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Songjun Tu , Qichao Zhang , Jingbo Sun , Yuqian Fu , Linjing Li , Xiangyuan Lan , Dongmei Jiang , Yaowei Wang , Dongbin Zhao

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has improved the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by using rule-based binary feedback. However, current RLVR methods typically assign the same reward to every token.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Guofu Xie , Yunsheng Shi , Hongtao Tian , Ting Yao , Xiao Zhang

Enhancing the multimodal reasoning capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) is a challenging task that has attracted increasing attention in the community. Recently, several studies have applied Reinforcement Learning with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Tong Xiao , Xin Xu , Zhenya Huang , Hongyu Gao , Quan Liu , Qi Liu , Enhong Chen

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has recently enhanced the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), particularly for mathematical problem solving. However, a fundamental limitation remains: as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Wenhao Deng , Long Wei , Chenglei Yu , Tailin Wu

Recent breakthroughs in reasoning language models have significantly advanced text-based reasoning. On the other hand, Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) still lag behind, hindered by their outdated internal LLMs. Upgrading these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yunhao Gou , Kai Chen , Zhili Liu , Lanqing Hong , Xin Jin , Zhenguo Li , James T. Kwok , Yu Zhang

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has significantly advanced the reasoning ability of vision-language models (VLMs). However, the inherent text-dominated nature of VLMs often leads to insufficient visual faithfulness,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Zengbin Wang , Feng Xiong , Liang Lin , Xuecai Hu , Yong Wang , Yanlin Wang , Man Zhang , Xiangxiang Chu

Multimodal Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning requires large vision-language models to construct reasoning trajectories that interleave perceptual grounding with multi-step inference. However, existing Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Yunheng Li , Hangyi Kuang , Hengrui Zhang , Jiangxia Cao , Zhaojie Liu , Qibin Hou , Ming-Ming Cheng

Reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards (RLVR), especially with Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), has shown strong potential for improving the reasoning capabilities of large vision-language models (LVLMs). However, in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Bingqing Jiang , Difan Zou

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has proven effective in training large reasoning models (LRMs) by leveraging answer-verifiable signals to guide policy optimization, which, however, suffers from high annotation costs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Shenzhi Yang , Guangcheng Zhu , Xing Zheng , Yingfan MA , Zhongqi Chen , Bowen Song , Weiqiang Wang , Junbo Zhao , Gang Chen , Haobo Wang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has recently emerged as a powerful paradigm for facilitating the self-improvement of large language models (LLMs), particularly in the domain of complex reasoning tasks. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Ziru Liu , Cheng Gong , Xinyu Fu , Yaofang Liu , Ran Chen , Shoubo Hu , Suiyun Zhang , Rui Liu , Qingfu Zhang , Dandan Tu

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has significantly advanced the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) and is now being applied to Vision-Language Models (VLMs). However, vanilla RLVR for VLMs verifies…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Chi Zhang , Haibo Qiu , Qiming Zhang , Yufei Xu , Zhixiong Zeng , Siqi Yang , Peng Shi , Lin Ma , Jing Zhang

We introduce CPPO, a Contrastive Perception Policy Optimization method for finetuning vision--language models (VLMs). Reliable perception is a core requirement for VLM-based agents that must reason and act in open-ended environments: faulty…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ahmad Rezaei , Mohsen Gholami , Saeed Ranjbar Alvar , Kevin Cannons , Mohammad Asiful Hossain , Zhou Weimin , Yong Zhang , Mohammad Akbari

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has advanced the reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs), enabling autonomous agents that can conduct effective multi-turn and tool-integrated reasoning. While instructions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Han Zhou , Xingchen Wan , Ivan Vulić , Anna Korhonen

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has advanced reasoning capabilities in multimodal large language models. However, existing methods typically treat visual inputs as deterministic, overlooking the perceptual ambiguity…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Rui Liu , Dian Yu , Tong Zheng , Runpeng Dai , Zongxia Li , Wenhao Yu , Zhenwen Liang , Linfeng Song , Haitao Mi , Pratap Tokekar , Dong Yu

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has advanced the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by leveraging direct outcome verification instead of learned reward models. Building on this paradigm, Group…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Jingyi Wang , Lei Zhu , Tengjin Weng , Song-Li Wu , Haochen Tan , Jierun Chen , Chaofan Tao , Haoli Bai , Lu Hou , Lifeng Shang , Xiao-Ping Zhang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as an effective paradigm for improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models. However, RLVR training is often hindered by sparse binary rewards and weak credit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Mengjie Ren , Jie Lou , Boxi Cao , Xueru Wen , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Le Sun , Xing Yu , Yaojie Lu

Recent advancements in reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) have significantly improved the complex reasoning ability of vision-language models (VLMs). However, its outcome-level supervision is too coarse to diagnose and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yingqian Min , Kun Zhou , Yifan Li , Yuhuan Wu , Han Peng , Yifan Du , Wayne Xin Zhao , Min Yang , Ji-Rong Wen
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