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We present InternLM-XComposer-2.5 (IXC-2.5), a versatile large-vision language model that supports long-contextual input and output. IXC-2.5 excels in various text-image comprehension and composition applications, achieving GPT-4V level…

We present GLM-4.5, an open-source Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) large language model with 355B total parameters and 32B activated parameters, featuring a hybrid reasoning method that supports both thinking and direct response modes. Through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 5 Team , Aohan Zeng , Xin Lv , Qinkai Zheng , Zhenyu Hou , Bin Chen , Chengxing Xie , Cunxiang Wang , Da Yin , Hao Zeng , Jiajie Zhang , Kedong Wang , Lucen Zhong , Mingdao Liu , Rui Lu , Shulin Cao , Xiaohan Zhang , Xuancheng Huang , Yao Wei , Yean Cheng , Yifan An , Yilin Niu , Yuanhao Wen , Yushi Bai , Zhengxiao Du , Zihan Wang , Zilin Zhu , Bohan Zhang , Bosi Wen , Bowen Wu , Bowen Xu , Can Huang , Casey Zhao , Changpeng Cai , Chao Yu , Chen Li , Chendi Ge , Chenghua Huang , Chenhui Zhang , Chenxi Xu , Chenzheng Zhu , Chuang Li , Congfeng Yin , Daoyan Lin , Dayong Yang , Dazhi Jiang , Ding Ai , Erle Zhu , Fei Wang , Gengzheng Pan , Guo Wang , Hailong Sun , Haitao Li , Haiyang Li , Haiyi Hu , Hanyu Zhang , Hao Peng , Hao Tai , Haoke Zhang , Haoran Wang , Haoyu Yang , He Liu , He Zhao , Hongwei Liu , Hongxi Yan , Huan Liu , Huilong Chen , Ji Li , Jiajing Zhao , Jiamin Ren , Jian Jiao , Jiani Zhao , Jianyang Yan , Jiaqi Wang , Jiayi Gui , Jiayue Zhao , Jie Liu , Jijie Li , Jing Li , Jing Lu , Jingsen Wang , Jingwei Yuan , Jingxuan Li , Jingzhao Du , Jinhua Du , Jinxin Liu , Junkai Zhi , Junli Gao , Ke Wang , Lekang Yang , Liang Xu , Lin Fan , Lindong Wu , Lintao Ding , Lu Wang , Man Zhang , Minghao Li , Minghuan Xu , Mingming Zhao , Mingshu Zhai , Pengfan Du , Qian Dong , Shangde Lei , Shangqing Tu , Shangtong Yang , Shaoyou Lu , Shijie Li , Shuang Li , Shuang-Li , Shuxun Yang , Sibo Yi , Tianshu Yu , Wei Tian , Weihan Wang , Wenbo Yu , Weng Lam Tam , Wenjie Liang , Wentao Liu , Xiao Wang , Xiaohan Jia , Xiaotao Gu , Xiaoying Ling , Xin Wang , Xing Fan , Xingru Pan , Xinyuan Zhang , Xinze Zhang , Xiuqing Fu , Xunkai Zhang , Yabo Xu , Yandong Wu , Yida Lu , Yidong Wang , Yilin Zhou , Yiming Pan , Ying Zhang , Yingli Wang , Yingru Li , Yinpei Su , Yipeng Geng , Yitong Zhu , Yongkun Yang , Yuhang Li , Yuhao Wu , Yujiang Li , Yunan Liu , Yunqing Wang , Yuntao Li , Yuxuan Zhang , Zezhen Liu , Zhen Yang , Zhengda Zhou , Zhongpei Qiao , Zhuoer Feng , Zhuorui Liu , Zichen Zhang , Zihan Wang , Zijun Yao , Zikang Wang , Ziqiang Liu , Ziwei Chai , Zixuan Li , Zuodong Zhao , Wenguang Chen , Jidong Zhai , Bin Xu , Minlie Huang , Hongning Wang , Juanzi Li , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in natural language reasoning, yet their application to Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) remains limited. CTI analysis involves distilling large volumes of unstructured…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Md Tanvirul Alam , Dipkamal Bhusal , Salman Ahmad , Nidhi Rastogi , Peter Worth

State-of-the-art (SOTA) LLMs have progressed from struggling on proof-based Olympiad problems to solving most of the IMO 2025 problems, with leading systems reportedly handling 5 of 6 problems. Given this progress, we assess how well these…

We introduce a new approach in which several advanced large language models-specifically GPT-4-0125-preview, Meta-LLAMA-3-70B-Instruct, Claude-3-Opus, and Gemini-1.5-Flash-collaborate to both produce and answer intricate, doctoral-level…

While there is much excitement about the potential of large multimodal models (LMM), a comprehensive evaluation is critical to establish their true capabilities and limitations. In support of this aim, we evaluate two state-of-the-art LMMs,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Mengchen Liu , Chongyan Chen , Danna Gurari

The rise of Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) promises a significant leap forward in language model capabilities, aiming to tackle increasingly sophisticated tasks with unprecedented efficiency and accuracy. However, despite their impressive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Humza Sami , Mubashir ul Islam , Pierre-Emmanuel Gaillardon , Valerio Tenace

The exponential growth of information presents a significant challenge for researchers and professionals seeking to remain at the forefront of their fields and this paper introduces an innovative framework for automatically generating…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Andrei Lazarev , Dmitrii Sedov

We explore an evolutionary search strategy for scaling inference time compute in Large Language Models. The proposed approach, Mind Evolution, uses a language model to generate, recombine and refine candidate responses. The proposed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Kuang-Huei Lee , Ian Fischer , Yueh-Hua Wu , Dave Marwood , Shumeet Baluja , Dale Schuurmans , Xinyun Chen

Foundation models have shown remarkable performance across diverse tasks, yet their ability to construct internal spatial world models for reasoning and planning remains unclear. We systematically evaluate the spatial understanding of large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Weijiang Li , Yilin Zhu , Rajarshi Das , Parijat Dube

Powered by a large language model (LLM), a web browsing agent operates web browsers in a human-like manner and offers a highly transparent path toward automating a wide range of everyday tasks. As web agents become increasingly capable and…

Large foundation models enable powerful reasoning for autonomous systems, but mapping semantic intent to reliable real-time control remains challenging. Existing approaches either (i) let Large Language Models (LLMs) generate trajectories…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Jiayi Chen , Shuai Wang , Guangxu Zhu , Chengzhong Xu

This study compared the classification performance of Gemini Pro and GPT-4V in educational settings. Employing visual question answering (VQA) techniques, the study examined both models' abilities to read text-based rubrics and then…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Gyeong-Geon Lee , Ehsan Latif , Lehong Shi , Xiaoming Zhai

This study investigates the integration of trustworthy prior reasoning knowledge from MLLMs into multimodal emotion recognition. We employ Gemini to generate fine-grained, modality-separable reasoning traces, which are injected as priors…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Zhepeng Wang , Yingjian Zhu , Guanghao Dong , Hongzhu Yi , Feng Chen , Xinming Wang , Jun Xie

Multimodal conversational agents are highly desirable because they offer natural and human-like interaction. However, there is a lack of comprehensive end-to-end solutions to support collaborative development and benchmarking. While…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Qiang Sun , Yuanyi Luo , Sirui Li , Wenxiao Zhang , Wei Liu

Artificially intelligent (AI) co-scientists must be able to sift through research literature cost-efficiently while applying nuanced scientific reasoning. We evaluate Small Language Models (SLMs, <= 8B parameters) for classifying medical…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Muhammed Muaaz Dawood , Mohammad Zaid Moonsamy , Kaela Kokkas , Hairong Wang , Robert F. Breiman , Richard Klein , Emmanuel K. Sekyi , Bruce A. Bassett

Despite rapid advances in vision-language models (VLMs), current benchmarks for multimodal reasoning fall short in three key dimensions. First, they overwhelmingly rely on static images, failing to capture the temporal complexity of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Zikui Cai , Andrew Wang , Anirudh Satheesh , Ankit Nakhawa , Hyunwoo Jae , Keenan Powell , Minghui Liu , Neel Jay , Sungbin Oh , Xiyao Wang , Yongyuan Liang , Tom Goldstein , Furong Huang

Open-ended tasks are particularly challenging for LLMs due to the vast solution space, demanding both expansive exploration and adaptable strategies, especially when success lacks a clear, objective definition. Writing, with its vast…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Sian Gooding , Lucia Lopez-Rivilla , Edward Grefenstette

A multimodal AI agent is characterized by its ability to process and learn from various types of data, including natural language, visual, and audio inputs, to inform its actions. Despite advancements in large language models that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Wei Chen , Zhiyuan Li

Multi-agent LLM systems increasingly tackle complex reasoning, yet their interaction patterns remain limited to voting, unstructured debate, or pipeline orchestration. None model deliberation: a phased process where differentiated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Sunil Prakash