English
Related papers

Related papers: False Alarms, Real Damage: Adversarial Attacks Usi…

200 papers

Cyber threats are constantly evolving. Extracting actionable insights from unstructured Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) data is essential to guide cybersecurity decisions. Increasingly, organizations like Microsoft, Trend Micro, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Romy Fieblinger , Md Tanvirul Alam , Nidhi Rastogi

Despite the high volume of open-source Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI), our understanding of long-term threat actor-victim dynamics remains fragmented due to inconsistent reporting standards and the lack of structured datasets containing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Manuel Suarez-Roman , Francesco Marchiori , Mauro Conti , Juan Tapiador

Several recent works have argued that Large Language Models (LLMs) can be used to tame the data deluge in the cybersecurity field, by improving the automation of Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) tasks. This work presents an evaluation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Emanuele Mezzi , Fabio Massacci , Katja Tuma

Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is central to modern cybersecurity, providing critical insights for detecting and mitigating evolving threats. With the natural language understanding and reasoning capabilities of large language models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Yutong Cheng , Yang Liu , Changze Li , Dawn Song , Peng Gao

Defending from cyberattacks requires practitioners to operate on high-level adversary behavior. Cyberthreat intelligence (CTI) reports on past cyberattack incidents describe the chain of malicious actions with respect to time. To avoid…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Md Rayhanur Rahman , Brandon Wroblewski , Quinn Matthews , Brantley Morgan , Tim Menzies , Laurie Williams

Cyber threats have become increasingly prevalent and sophisticated. Prior work has extracted actionable cyber threat intelligence (CTI), such as indicators of compromise, tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs), or threat feeds from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Saskia Laura Schröer , Noé Canevascini , Irdin Pekaric , Philine Widmer , Pavel Laskov

Cyber threats continue to evolve in complexity, thereby traditional Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) methods struggle to keep pace. AI offers a potential solution, automating and enhancing various tasks, from data ingestion to resilience…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Lampis Alevizos , Martijn Dekker

Code Language Models (CLMs) have achieved tremendous progress in source code understanding and generation, leading to a significant increase in research interests focused on applying CLMs to real-world software engineering tasks in recent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Yulong Yang , Haoran Fan , Chenhao Lin , Qian Li , Zhengyu Zhao , Chao Shen , Xiaohong Guan

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) parsing aims to extract key threat information from massive data, transform it into actionable intelligence, enhance threat detection and defense efficiency, including attack graph construction, intelligence…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yongheng Zhang , Xinyun Zhao , Yunshan Ma , Haokai Ma , Yingxiao Guan , Guozheng Yang , Yuliang Lu , Xiang Wang

This study introduces an innovative approach to automating Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) processes in industrial environments by leveraging Microsoft's AI-powered security technologies. Historically, CTI has heavily relied on manual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Shrit Shah , Fatemeh Khoda Parast

Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is crucial in today's cybersecurity landscape, providing essential insights to understand and mitigate the ever-evolving cyber threats. The recent rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown potential in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Md Tanvirul Alam , Dipkamal Bhusal , Le Nguyen , Nidhi Rastogi

Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is essential for effective system defense. CTI is a collection of information about current or past threats to a computer system. This information is gathered by an agent through observation, or based on a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Laurent Bobelin , Sabine Frittella , Mariam Wehbe

Understanding the attack patterns associated with a cyberattack is crucial for comprehending the attacker's behaviors and implementing the right mitigation measures. However, majority of the information regarding new attacks is typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Weiqiu You , Youngja Park

Analyzing Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) from large volumes of data is critical for drafting and publishing comprehensive CTI reports. This process usually follows a three-stage workflow -- triage, deep search and TI drafting. While Large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Xiangsen Chen , Xuan Feng , Shuo Chen , Matthieu Maitre , Sudipto Rakshit , Diana Duvieilh , Ashley Picone , Nan Tang

Public and commercial organizations extensively share cyberthreat intelligence (CTI) to prepare systems to defend against existing and emerging cyberattacks. However, traditional CTI has primarily focused on tracking known threat indicators…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Md Tanvirul Alam , Dipkamal Bhusal , Youngja Park , Nidhi Rastogi

The automation of Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) relies heavily on Named Entity Recognition (NER) to extract critical entities from unstructured text. Currently, Large Language Models (LLMs) primarily address this task through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Jiaren Peng , Hongda Sun , Xuan Tian , Cheng Huang , Zeqing Li , Rui Yan

Natural Language Processing (NLP) has recently gained wide attention in cybersecurity, particularly in Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) and cyber automation. Increased connection and automation have revolutionized the world's economic and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Ehsan Aghaei , Xi Niu , Waseem Shadid , Ehab Al-Shaer

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as the dominant architectural pattern to operationalize Large Language Model (LLM) usage in Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) systems. However, this design is susceptible to poisoning attacks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Austin Jia , Avaneesh Ramesh , Zain Shamsi , Daniel Zhang , Alex Liu

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) reports document observations of cyber threats, synthesizing evidence about adversaries' actions and intent into actionable knowledge that informs detection, response, and defense planning. However, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Haokai Ma , Javier Yong , Yunshan Ma , Kuei Chen , Anis Yusof , Zhenkai Liang , Ee-Chien Chang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into sensitive workflows, raising the stakes for adversarial robustness and safety. This paper introduces Transient Turn Injection(TTI), a new multi-turn attack technique that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Naheed Rayhan , Sohely Jahan