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MOS (Mean Opinion Score) is a subjective method used for the evaluation of a system's quality. Telecommunications (for voice and video), and speech synthesis systems (for generated speech) are a few of the many applications of the method.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-26 Bálint Gyires-Tóth , Csaba Zainkó

Recently, Mixture of Experts (MoE) based Transformer has shown promising results in many domains. This is largely due to the following advantages of this architecture: firstly, MoE based Transformer can increase model capacity without…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Zhao You , Shulin Feng , Dan Su , Dong Yu

Robust speech recognition is a key prerequisite for semantic feature extraction in automatic aphasic speech analysis. However, standard one-size-fits-all automatic speech recognition models perform poorly when applied to aphasic speech. One…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-21 Matthew Perez , Zakaria Aldeneh , Emily Mower Provost

Perceptually-inspired objective functions such as the perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ), signal-to-distortion ratio (SDR), and short-time objective intelligibility (STOI), have recently been used to optimize performance of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-27 Khandokar Md. Nayem , Donald S. Williamson

Recent advances in generative models have enabled modern Text-to-Audio (TTA) systems to synthesize audio with high perceptual quality. However, TTA systems often struggle to maintain semantic consistency with the input text, leading to…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Bochao Sun , Yang Xiao , Han Yin

While deep learning has made impressive progress in speech synthesis and voice conversion, the assessment of the synthesized speech is still carried out by human participants. Several recent papers have proposed deep-learning-based…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-10 Yeunju Choi , Youngmoon Jung , Hoirin Kim

Designing a speech quality assessment (SQA) system for estimating mean-opinion-score (MOS) of multi-rate speech with varying sampling frequency (16-48 kHz) is a challenging task. The challenge arises due to the limited availability of a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-17 Fengyuan Cao , Xinyu Liang , Fredrik Cumlin , Victor Ungureanu , Chandan K. A. Reddy , Christian Schuldt , Saikat Chatterjee

Although recent neural text-to-speech (TTS) systems have achieved high-quality speech synthesis, there are cases where a TTS system generates low-quality speech, mainly caused by limited training data or information loss during knowledge…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-26 Yeunju Choi , Youngmoon Jung , Youngjoo Suh , Hoirin Kim

Multi-lingual speech recognition aims to distinguish linguistic expressions in different languages and integrate acoustic processing simultaneously. In contrast, current multi-lingual speech recognition research follows a language-aware…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-28 Yoohwan Kwon , Soo-Whan Chung

Speech synthesis quality prediction has made remarkable progress with the development of supervised and self-supervised learning (SSL) MOS predictors but some aspects related to the data are still unclear and require further study. In this…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-27 Alessandro Ragano , Emmanouil Benetos , Michael Chinen , Helard B. Martinez , Chandan K. A. Reddy , Jan Skoglund , Andrew Hines

Automatic speech quality assessment aims to quantify subjective human perception of speech through computational models to reduce the need for labor-consuming manual evaluations. While models based on deep learning have achieved progress in…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Zhicheng Lian , Lizhi Wang , Hua Huang

End-to-end models with large capacity have significantly improved multilingual automatic speech recognition, but their computation cost poses challenges for on-device applications. We propose a streaming truly multilingual Conformer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Ke Hu , Bo Li , Tara N. Sainath , Yu Zhang , Francoise Beaufays

Mixture-of-experts based acoustic models with dynamic routing mechanisms have proved promising results for speech recognition. The design principle of router architecture is important for the large model capacity and high computational…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-24 Zhao You , Shulin Feng , Dan Su , Dong Yu

Developers of text-to-speech synthesizers (TTS) often make use of human raters to assess the quality of synthesized speech. We demonstrate that we can model human raters' mean opinion scores (MOS) of synthesized speech using a deep…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-29 Brian Patton , Yannis Agiomyrgiannakis , Michael Terry , Kevin Wilson , Rif A. Saurous , D. Sculley

Automatic methods to predict listener opinions of synthesized speech remain elusive since listeners, systems being evaluated, characteristics of the speech, and even the instructions given and the rating scale all vary from test to test.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-15 Erica Cooper , Wen-Chin Huang , Tomoki Toda , Junichi Yamagishi

In this study we present a Deep Mixture of Experts (DMoE) neural-network architecture for single microphone speech enhancement. By contrast to most speech enhancement algorithms that overlook the speech variability mainly caused by phoneme…

Sound · Computer Science 2017-03-29 Shlomo E. Chazan , Jacob Goldberger , Sharon Gannot

This paper presents a novel deep learning architecture for acoustic model in the context of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), termed as MixNet. Besides the conventional layers, such as fully connected layers in DNN-HMM and memory cells in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-03 Vishwanath Pratap Singh , Shakti P. Rath , Abhishek Pandey

Automatic speech quality assessment has become increasingly important as modern speech generation systems continue to advance, while human listening tests remain costly, time-consuming, and difficult to scale. Most existing learning-based…

As a subjective metric to evaluate the quality of synthesized speech, Mean opinion score~(MOS) usually requires multiple annotators to score the same speech. Such an annotation approach requires a lot of manpower and is also time-consuming.…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Kexin Wang , Yunlong Zhao , Qianqian Dong , Tom Ko , Mingxuan Wang

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture in large language models, highlighting its ability to significantly enhance model performance while maintaining minimal computational overhead. Through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Danyang Zhang , Junhao Song , Ziqian Bi , Xinyuan Song , Yingfang Yuan , Tianyang Wang , Joe Yeong , Junfeng Hao
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