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Neural language models (LMs) have been extensively trained on vast corpora to store factual knowledge about various aspects of the world described in texts. Current technologies typically employ knowledge editing methods or specific prompts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Yuchen Cai , Ding Cao , Rongxi Guo , Yaqin Wen , Guiquan Liu , Enhong Chen

Evaluation of text generation to date has primarily focused on content created sequentially, rather than improvements on a piece of text. Writing, however, is naturally an iterative and incremental process that requires expertise in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Jane Dwivedi-Yu , Timo Schick , Zhengbao Jiang , Maria Lomeli , Patrick Lewis , Gautier Izacard , Edouard Grave , Sebastian Riedel , Fabio Petroni

Adjusting the outdated knowledge of large language models (LLMs) after deployment remains a major challenge. This difficulty has spurred the development of knowledge editing, which seeks to accurately and efficiently modify a model's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Pengfei Cao , Zeao Ji , Daojian Zeng , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

Online misinformation remains a critical challenge, and fact-checkers increasingly rely on claim matching systems that use sentence embedding models to retrieve relevant fact-checks. However, as users interact with claims online, they often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Jabez Magomere , Emanuele La Malfa , Manuel Tonneau , Ashkan Kazemi , Scott Hale

Knowledge editing aims to efficiently correct factual errors in language models. Widely used locate-then-edit methods update an MLP layer by adjusting its weights to change the mapping between the layer's input vector (key) and output…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Haewon Park , Sangwoo Kim , Yohan Jo

Large Language Models (LLMs) require lightweight avenues of updating stored information that has fallen out of date. Knowledge Editing (KE) approaches have been successful in updating model knowledge for simple factual queries but struggle…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Dominic Simon , Rickard Ewetz

The link prediction task on knowledge graphs without explicit negative triples in the training data motivates the usage of rank-based metrics. Here, we review existing rank-based metrics and propose desiderata for improved metrics to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Charles Tapley Hoyt , Max Berrendorf , Mikhail Galkin , Volker Tresp , Benjamin M. Gyori

Knowledge editing aims to adjust the knowledge within large language models (LLMs) to prevent their responses from becoming obsolete or inaccurate. However, existing works on knowledge editing are primarily conducted in a single language,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Jiakuan Xie , Pengfei Cao , Yuheng Chen , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Adapting large language models (LLMs) to new and diverse knowledge is essential for their lasting effectiveness in real-world applications. This survey provides an overview of state-of-the-art methods for expanding the knowledge of LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Mingyang Wang , Alisa Stoll , Lukas Lange , Heike Adel , Hinrich Schütze , Jannik Strötgen

In large organisations, identifying experts on a given topic is crucial in leveraging the internal knowledge spread across teams and departments. So-called enterprise expert retrieval systems automatically discover and structure employees'…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jens-Joris Decorte , Jeroen Van Hautte , Chris Develder , Thomas Demeester

Knowledge editing aims to efficiently and cost-effectively correct inaccuracies and update outdated information. Recently, there has been growing interest in extending knowledge editing from Large Language Models (LLMs) to Multimodal Large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Zhen Zeng , Leijiang Gu , Xun Yang , Zhangling Duan , Zenglin Shi , Meng Wang

Large language models (LLMs) often exhibit hallucinations due to incorrect or outdated knowledge. Hence, model editing methods have emerged to enable targeted knowledge updates. To achieve this, a prevailing paradigm is the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Junfeng Fang , Houcheng Jiang , Kun Wang , Yunshan Ma , Shi Jie , Xiang Wang , Xiangnan He , Tat-seng Chua

Knowledge-editing updates knowledge of large language models (LLMs) and contributes to the interpretability and application of LLMs. However, knowledge applying is context-consistent: LLMs can recall the same knowledge in different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Youcheng Huang , Wenqiang Lei , Zheng Zhang , Jiancheng Lv , Shuicheng Yan

Large language models (LLMs) have recently been applied to forecasting tasks, with some works claiming these systems match or exceed human performance. In this paper, we argue that, as a community, we should be careful about such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Daniel Paleka , Shashwat Goel , Jonas Geiping , Florian Tramèr

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful knowledge bases yet are limited by static training data, leading to issues such as hallucinations and safety risks. Editing a model's internal knowledge through the locate-and-edit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Zian Su , Ziyang Huang , Kaiyuan Zhang , Xiangyu Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) trained on vast corpora suffer from inevitable stereotype biases. Mitigating these biases with fine-tuning could be both costly and data-hungry. Model editing methods, which focus on modifying LLMs in a post-hoc…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Jianhao Yan , Futing Wang , Yafu Li , Yue Zhang

With the development of large language models (LLMs) like the GPT series, their widespread use across various application scenarios presents a myriad of challenges. This review initially explores the issue of domain specificity, where LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Xiaoliang Chen , Liangbin Li , Le Chang , Yunhe Huang , Yuxuan Zhao , Yuxiao Zhang , Dinuo Li

As artificial neural networks, and specifically large language models, have improved rapidly in capabilities and quality, they have increasingly been deployed in real-world applications, from customer service to Google search, despite the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Eugenia Iofinova , Dan Alistarh

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across natural language processing tasks, yet their widespread deployment raises pressing concerns around privacy, copyright, security, and bias. Machine unlearning has emerged…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Tyler Lizzo , Larry Heck

As opaque decision systems are being increasingly adopted in almost any application field, issues about their lack of transparency and human readability are a concrete concern for end-users. Amongst existing proposals to associate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Federico Sabbatini , Roberta Calegari