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Related papers: A Formal Refutation of the Blockchain Trilemma

200 papers

Blockchain has become a popular emergent technology in many industries. It is suitable for a broad range of applications, from its base role as an immutable distributed ledger to the deployment of distributed applications. Many…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Inwon Kang , Aparna Gupta , Oshani Seneviratne

Bitcoin's global success has led to the rise of blockchain, but many systems labeled as "blockchain" deviate from its core principles, adding complexity to the ecosystem. This survey addresses the need for a comprehensive review and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Badr Bellaj , Aafaf Ouaddah , Noel Crespi , Abdelatif Mezrioui , Emmanuel Bertin

An emerging blockchain protocol design pattern leverages the asymmetry between the computational effort in performing versus verifying tasks. For example, cryptographic validity proofs (e.g., SNARKS) require the prover to expend significant…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Maryam Bahrani , Michael Neuder , S. Matthew Weinberg

Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies are gaining the interest of the academy, companies, and institutions. Nonetheless, the path toward blockchain adoption is not straightforward, as blockchain is a complex technology that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Vittorio Capocasale , Guido Perboli

Blockchain interoperability is a prominent research field which aims to build bridges between otherwise isolated blockchains. With advances in cryptography, novel protocols are published by academia and applied in different applications and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Thomas Eizinger , Philipp Hoenisch , Lucas Soriano del Pino

The challenge to establish and verify human identity over the Internet in a secure and privacy-respecting way is long-standing. In this paper, we explore the blockchain trilemma of scalability, security, and decentralization in the context…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Paul Dunphy

Blockchain technology, a foundational distributed ledger system, enables secure and transparent multi-party transactions. Despite its advantages, blockchain networks are susceptible to anomalies and frauds, posing significant risks to their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Joerg Osterrieder , Stephen Chan , Jeffrey Chu , Yuanyuan Zhang , Branka Hadji Misheva , Codruta Mare

A proof of the security of the Bitcoin protocol is made rigorous, and simplified in certain parts. A computational model in which an adversary can delay transmission of blocks by time $\Delta$ is considered. The protocol is generalized to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Christopher Blake , Chen Feng , Xuechao Wang , Qianyu Yu

Although blockchain, the supporting technology of various cryptocurrencies, has offered a potentially effective framework for numerous decentralized trust management systems, its performance is still sub-optimal in real-world networks. With…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Canran Wang , Netanel Raviv

We follow existing distributed systems frameworks employing methods from algebraic topology to formally define primitives of blockchain technology. We define the notion of cross chain liquidity, sharding and probability spaces between and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-05-21 Wyatt Meldman-Floch

Permissioned blockchain systems promise to provide both decentralized trust and privacy. Hyperledger Fabric is currently one of the most wide-spread permissioned blockchain systems and is heavily promoted both in industry and academia. Due…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Jeeta Ann Chacko , Ruben Mayer , Hans-Arno Jacobsen

As an emerging service framework built by combining cryptography, P2P network, consensus mechanism and innovative contract technology, blockchain has been widely used in digital finance, data sharing, message traceability and electronic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Wenwen Zhou , Dongyang Lyu , Xiaoqi Li

In the light of the recent fame of Blockchain technologies, numerous proposals and projects aiming at better practical viability have emerged. However, formally assessing their particularities and benefits has proven to be a difficult task.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-13 Antoine Durand , Elyes Ben-Hamida , David Leporini , Gérard Memmi

Blockchains have become immensely popular and are high on the list of national and international research and innovation agenda's. This is partly caused by the numerous interesting applications, combined with the promise of full…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Maarten van Steen , Andrew Chien , Patrick Eugster

We present the notion of multilevel slashing, where proof-of-stake blockchain validators can obtain gradual levels of assurance that a certain block is bound to be finalized in a global consensus procedure, unless an increasing and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Kenan Wood , Hammurabi Mendes , Jonad Pulaj

Blockchain systems benefit from lessons in prior art such as fault tolerance, distributed systems, peer-to-peer systems, and game theory. In this paper we argue that blockchain algorithms should tolerate both rational (self-interested)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-11-05 Jean-Philippe Martin , Eunjin , Jung

As blockchains continue to seek to scale to a larger number of nodes, the communication complexity of protocols has become a significant priority as the network can quickly become overburdened. Several schemes have attempted to address…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Ilan Tennenhouse , Netanel Raviv

Modern blockchains increasingly consist of multiple clients that implement a single blockchain protocol. If there is a semantic mismatch between the protocol implementations, the blockchain can permanently split and introduce new attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Filip Drobnjakovic , Amir Kashapov , Matija Kupresanin , Bernhard Scholz , Pavle Subotic

Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative paradigm for decentralized and secure data management across diverse application domains, including healthcare, supply chain management, and the Internet of Things. Its core features,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Hojer Key

Blockchains were originally designed as closed execution environments and lack the ability to communicate directly with external systems. To overcome this limitation, many blockchains employ relayers, external applications capable of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Joao Otavio Chervinski , Diego Kreutz , Jiangshan Yu