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Generative AI (GenAI) is reshaping enterprise architecture work in agile software organizations, yet evidence on its effects remains scattered. We report a systematic literature review (SLR), following established SLR protocols of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Stefan Julian Kooy , Jean Paul Sebastian Piest , Rob Henk Bemthuis

Context. The security of critical infrastructure has been a pressing concern since the advent of computers and has become even more critical in today's era of cyber warfare. Protecting mission-critical systems (MCSs), essential for national…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Matteo Esposito , Francesco Palagiano , Valentina Lenarduzzi , Davide Taibi

Finding appropriate prompts for the specific task has become an important issue as the usage of Large Language Models (LLM) has expanded. Reinforcement Learning (RL) is widely used for prompt tuning, but its inherent instability and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Minchan Kwon , Gaeun Kim , Jongsuk Kim , Haeil Lee , Junmo Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being used to plan, reason, and execute tasks across diverse scenarios. In use cases like repeatable workflows and agentic settings, prompts are often reused with minor variations while having a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Sarthak Chakraborty , Suman Nath , Xuchao Zhang , Chetan Bansal , Indranil Gupta

In the era of generative artificial intelligence (AI), the fusion of large language models (LLMs) offers unprecedented opportunities for innovation in the field of modern education. We embark on an exploration of prompted LLMs within the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Subhankar Maity , Aniket Deroy , Sudeshna Sarkar

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly becoming the preferred foundation platforms for many Natural Language Processing tasks such as Machine Translation, owing to their quality often comparable to or better than task-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Zhifan Sun , Antonio Valerio Miceli-Barone

Large language models (LLMs) have become mainstream technology with their versatile use cases and impressive performance. Despite the countless out-of-the-box applications, LLMs are still not reliable. A lot of work is being done to improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Aisha Khatun , Daniel G. Brown

There is an increasing interest in leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) for managing structured data and enhancing data science processes. Despite the potential benefits, this integration poses significant questions regarding their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Nathalia Nascimento , Cristina Tavares , Paulo Alencar , Donald Cowan

The robustness of large language models (LLMs) becomes increasingly important as their use rapidly grows in a wide range of domains. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is considered as a means to improve the trustworthiness of text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Zhibo Hu , Chen Wang , Yanfeng Shu , Helen , Paik , Liming Zhu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as decision-support tools in data-constrained scientific workflows, where correctness and validity are critical. However, evaluation practices often emphasize stability or reproducibility…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Nazia Riasat

Large language models (LLMs) have played a pivotal role in building communicative AI, yet they encounter the challenge of efficient updates. Model editing enables the manipulation of specific knowledge memories and the behavior of language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Xinbei Ma , Tianjie Ju , Jiyang Qiu , Zhuosheng Zhang , Hai Zhao , Lifeng Liu , Yulong Wang

There are many bottlenecks that decrease the flexibility of automotive systems, making their long-term maintenance, as well as updates and extensions in later lifecycle phases increasingly difficult, mainly due to long re-engineering,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Nenad Petrovic , Lukasz Mazur , Alois Knoll

Genetic Improvement (GI) of software automatically creates alternative software versions that are improved according to certain properties of interests (e.g., running-time). Search-based GI excels at navigating large program spaces, but…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Karine Even-Mendoza , Alexander Brownlee , Alina Geiger , Carol Hanna , Justyna Petke , Federica Sarro , Dominik Sobania

Reproducibility and reliability remain pressing challenges for generative AI systems whose behavior can drift with each model update or prompt revision. We introduce GPR-bench, a lightweight, extensible benchmark that operationalizes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Masumi Morishige , Ryo Koshihara

Large language models (LLMs) have recently achieved significant success across various application domains, garnering substantial attention from different communities. Unfortunately, even for the best LLM, many \textit{faults} still exist…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Qiang Hu , Jin Wen , Maxime Cordy , Yuheng Huang , Wei Ma , Xiaofei Xie , Lei Ma

Recent advances in machine learning have made revolutionary breakthroughs in computer games, image and natural language understanding, and scientific discovery. Foundation models and large-scale language models (LLMs) have recently achieved…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-31 Ran Wang , Zhe Sage Chen

Prompt engineering is a crucial yet challenging task for optimizing the performance of large language models (LLMs) on customized tasks. This pioneering research introduces the Automatic Prompt Engineering Toolbox (APET), which enables…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Daan Kepel , Konstantina Valogianni

With the rapid development of large language models (LLMs), which possess powerful natural language processing and generation capabilities, LLMs are poised to provide more natural and personalized user experiences. Their deployment on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Lianjun Liu , Hongli An , Pengxuan Chen , Longxiang Ye

The emergence of large language models (LLMs), such as Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) used by ChatGPT, has profoundly impacted the academic and broader community. While these models offer numerous advantages in terms of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Zhicheng Dou , Yuchen Guo , Ching-Chun Chang , Huy H. Nguyen , Isao Echizen

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in non-generative software maintenance tasks, such as fault localization (FL). Success in FL depends on a models ability to reason about program semantics beyond surface-level…

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