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Active authentication is the problem of continuously verifying the identity of a person based on behavioral aspects of their interaction with a computing device. In this study, we collect and analyze behavioral biometrics data from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Lex Fridman , Steven Weber , Rachel Greenstadt , Moshe Kam

Reliable and robust user identification and authentication are important and often necessary requirements for many digital services. It becomes paramount in social virtual reality (VR) to ensure trust, specifically in digital encounters…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Christian Schell , Andreas Hotho , Marc Erich Latoschik

Extended reality (XR) is touted as the next frontier of the digital future. XR includes all immersive technologies of augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and mixed reality (MR). XR applications obtain the real-world context of the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Jin Heo , Ketan Bhardwaj , Ada Gavrilovska

Security vulnerabilities of traditional single factor authentication has become a major concern for security practitioners and researchers. To mitigate single point failures, new and technologically advanced Multi-Factor Authentication…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-19 Sanchari Das , Bingxing Wang , Zachary Tingle , L. Jean Camp

Multi-Factor Authentication is intended to strengthen the security of password-based authentication by adding another factor, such as hardware tokens or one-time passwords using mobile apps. However, this increased authentication security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Sabrina Amft , Sandra Höltervennhoff , Nicolas Huaman , Alexander Krause , Lucy Simko , Yasemin Acar , Sascha Fahl

Face verification is a fast-growing authentication tool for everyday systems, such as smartphones. While current 2D face recognition methods are very accurate, it has been suggested recently that one may wish to add a 3D sensor to such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Dana Weitzner , David Mendlovic , Raja Giryes

Extended Reality (XR) technologies are increasingly tested outside the lab, in homes, schools, and public spaces. While this shift enables more realistic user insights, it also introduces safety challenges that are often overlooked.…

Biometric signature verification has been traditionally performed in pen-based office-like scenarios using devices specifically designed for acquiring handwriting. However, the high deployment of devices such as smartphones and tablets has…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Ruben Tolosana , Ruben Vera-Rodriguez , Richard Guest , Julian Fierrez , Javier Ortega-Garcia

Previous Web access authentication systems often use either the Web or the Mobile channel individually to confirm the claimed identity of the remote user. This paper proposes a new protocol using multifactor authentication system that is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-11-15 Ayu Tiwari , Sudip Sanyal , Ajith Abraham , Svein Johan Knapskog , Sugata Sanyal

By focusing on immersive interaction among users, the burgeoning Metaverse can be viewed as a natural extension of existing social media. Similar to traditional online social networks, there are numerous security and privacy issues in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Ruizhi Cheng , Songqing Chen , Bo Han

Academic events, such as a doctoral thesis defense, are typically limited to either physical co-location or flat video conferencing, resulting in rigid participation formats and fragmented presence. We present a multimodal framework that…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Ahmad Alhilal , Kit Yung Lam , Lik-Hang Lee , Xuetong Wang , Sijia Li , Matti Siekkinen , Tristan Braud , Pan Hui

Fingerprint traits are widely recognized for their unique qualities and security benefits. Despite their extensive use, fingerprint features can be vulnerable to puppet attacks, where attackers manipulate a reluctant but genuine user into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Wenhao Wang , Guyue Li , Zhiming Chu , Haobo Li , Daniele Faccio

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) enhances login security by requiring multiple authentication factors. Its adoption has increased in response to more frequent and sophisticated attacks. Duo is widely used by organizations including Fortune…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Renascence Tarafder Prapty , Gene Tsudik

Identity authentication is the process of verifying one's identity. There are several identity authentication methods, among which biometric authentication is of utmost importance. Facial recognition is a sort of biometric authentication…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Matineh Pooshideh

Attackers increasingly, and with high success rates, use social engineering techniques to circumvent second factor authentication (2FA) technologies, compromise user accounts and sidestep fraud detection technologies. We introduce a social…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-20 Markus Jakobsson

Risk-based authentication (RBA) aims to protect users against attacks involving stolen passwords. RBA monitors features during login, and requests re-authentication when feature values widely differ from previously observed ones. It is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Stephan Wiefling , Paul René Jørgensen , Sigurd Thunem , Luigi Lo Iacono

Virtual Reality (VR) technology is rapidly growing in recent years. VR devices such as Meta Quest 3 utilize numerous sensors to collect users' data to provide an immersive experience. Due to the extensive data collection and the immersive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Vamsi Shankar Simhadri , Yichang Xiong , Habiba Farrukh , Xiaokuan Zhang

Extended Reality (XR) is an emerging technology spanning diverse application domains and offering immersive user experiences. However, its unique characteristics, such as six degrees of freedom interactions, present significant testing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Ruizhen Gu , José Miguel Rojas , Donghwan Shin

Mobile devices and technologies have become increasingly popular, offering comparable storage and computational capabilities to desktop computers allowing users to store and interact with sensitive and private information. The security and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Mohammed Abuhamad , Ahmed Abusnaina , DaeHun Nyang , David Mohaisen

Recent years have witnessed the fast penetration of Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) systems into our daily life, the security and privacy issues of the VR/AR applications have been attracting considerable attention. Most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Feng Li , Jiayi Zhao , Huan Yang , Dongxiao Yu , Yuanfeng Zhou , Yiran Shen