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We propose ControlMLLM++, a novel test-time adaptation framework that injects learnable visual prompts into frozen multimodal large language models (MLLMs) to enable fine-grained region-based visual reasoning without any model retraining or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Mingrui Wu , Hao Chen , Jiayi Ji , Xiaoshuai Sun , Zhiyuan Liu , Liujuan Cao , Ming-Ming Cheng , Rongrong Ji

The efficient operation of modern cellular networks hinges on the accurate analysis of spatio-temporal traffic data. Mastering these patterns is essential for core network functions, chiefly forecasting future load to pre-empt congestion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Yichen Zhang , Jun Li

Large language models (LLMs) have recently gained significant attention due to their unparalleled ability to perform various natural language processing tasks. These models, benefiting from their advanced natural language understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Jonas Wallat , Adam Jatowt , Avishek Anand

Spatial reasoning is a cornerstone capability for intelligent systems to perceive and interact with the physical world. However, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) frequently suffer from hallucinations and imprecision when parsing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Shi-Yu Tian , Zhi Zhou , Kun-Yang Yu , Ming Yang , Yang Chen , Ziqiao Shang , Lan-Zhe Guo , Yu-Feng Li

Understanding 3D spatial relationships remains a major limitation of current Vision-Language Models (VLMs). Prior work has addressed this issue by creating spatial question-answering (QA) datasets based on single images or indoor videos.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Mohsen Gholami , Ahmad Rezaei , Zhou Weimin , Sitong Mao , Shunbo Zhou , Yong Zhang , Mohammad Akbari

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained popularity in task planning for long-horizon manipulation tasks. To enhance the validity of LLM-generated plans, visual demonstrations and online videos have been widely employed to guide the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Kejia Chen , Zheng Shen , Yue Zhang , Lingyun Chen , Fan Wu , Zhenshan Bing , Sami Haddadin , Alois Knoll

Video Large Language Models (Video LLMs) have recently exhibited remarkable capabilities in general video understanding. However, they mainly focus on holistic comprehension and struggle with capturing fine-grained spatial and temporal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Yuqian Yuan , Hang Zhang , Wentong Li , Zesen Cheng , Boqiang Zhang , Long Li , Xin Li , Deli Zhao , Wenqiao Zhang , Yueting Zhuang , Jianke Zhu , Lidong Bing

Video Large Language Models (VideoLLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable progress in general video understanding. However, existing models primarily focus on high-level comprehension and are limited to text-only responses, restricting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Haochen Wang , Qirui Chen , Cilin Yan , Jiayin Cai , Xiaolong Jiang , Yao Hu , Weidi Xie , Stratis Gavves

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in short video understanding tasks but face great challenges when applied to long video understanding. In contrast, Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit outstanding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Hongchen Wei , Zhenzhong Chen

Recent progress in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has demonstrated strong semantic understanding capabilities, but struggles to perform precise spatio-temporal understanding. Existing spatio-temporal methods primarily focus on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Wentao Wang , Heqing Zou , Tianze Luo , Rui Huang , Yutian Zhao , Zhuochen Wang , Hansheng Zhang , Chengwei Qin , Yan Wang , Lin Zhao , Huaijian Zhang

Visual reasoning is dominated by end-to-end neural networks scaled to billions of model parameters and training examples. However, even the largest models struggle with compositional reasoning, generalization, fine-grained spatial and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Aleksandar Stanić , Sergi Caelles , Michael Tschannen

Predicting human behavior in shared environments is crucial for safe and efficient human-robot interaction. Traditional data-driven methods to that end are pre-trained on domain-specific datasets, activity types, and prediction horizons. In…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Yuchen Liu , Lino Lerch , Luigi Palmieri , Andrey Rudenko , Sebastian Koch , Timo Ropinski , Marco Aiello

Precise spatial modeling in the operating room (OR) is foundational to many clinical tasks, supporting intraoperative awareness, hazard avoidance, and surgical decision-making. While existing approaches leverage large-scale multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Peiqi He , Zhenhao Zhang , Yixiang Zhang , Xiongjun Zhao , Shaoliang Peng

Video Large Language Models (VideoLLMs) extend the capabilities of vision-language models to spatiotemporal inputs, enabling tasks such as video question answering (VideoQA). Despite recent advances in VideoLLMs, their internal mechanisms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Minji Kim , Taekyung Kim , Bohyung Han

In an era defined by the explosive growth of data and rapid technological advancements, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) stand at the forefront of artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Designed to seamlessly integrate diverse data…

Recent research has highlighted that Large Language Models (LLMs), even when trained to generate extended long reasoning steps, still face significant challenges on hard reasoning problems. However, much of the existing literature relies on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Fanzeng Xia , Yidong Luo , Tinko Sebastian Bartels , Yaqi Xu , Tongxin Li

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable text understanding capabilities, which have been extended as Video LLMs to handle video data for comprehending visual details. However, existing Video LLMs can only provide a coarse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Bin Huang , Xin Wang , Hong Chen , Zihan Song , Wenwu Zhu

This paper presents a novel spatio-temporal LSTM (SPATIAL) architecture for time series forecasting applied to environmental datasets. The framework was evaluated across multiple sensors and for three different oceanic variables: current…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-08-27 Yihao Hu , Fearghal O'Donncha , Paulito Palmes , Meredith Burke , Ramon Filgueira , Jon Grant

Next-generation AI companions must go beyond general video understanding to resolve spatial and temporal references in dynamic, real-world environments. Existing Video Large Language Models (Video LLMs), while capable of coarse-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Honglu Zhou , Xiangyu Peng , Shrikant Kendre , Michael S. Ryoo , Silvio Savarese , Caiming Xiong , Juan Carlos Niebles

Learning computational fluid dynamics (CFD) traditionally relies on computationally intensive simulations of the Navier-Stokes equations. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable pattern recognition and reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Max Zhu , Adrián Bazaga , Pietro Liò