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The increasing availability of large language models (LLMs) has raised concerns about their potential misuse in online learning. While tools for detecting LLM-generated text exist and are widely used by researchers and educators, their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Shambhavi Bhushan , Danielle R Thomas , Conrad Borchers , Isha Raghuvanshi , Ralph Abboud , Erin Gatz , Shivang Gupta , Kenneth Koedinger

LLM-based applications are helping people write, and LLM-generated text is making its way into social media, journalism, and our classrooms. However, the differences between LLM-generated and human written text remain unclear. To explore…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Tuhin Chakrabarty , Philippe Laban , Chien-Sheng Wu

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to high-quality Machine-Generated Text (MGT), giving rise to countless new use cases and applications. However, easy access to LLMs is posing new challenges due to misuse. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Areg Mikael Sarvazyan , José Ángel González , Marc Franco-Salvador

As text generated by large language models proliferates, it becomes vital to understand how humans engage with such text, and whether or not they are able to detect when the text they are reading did not originate with a human writer. Prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Liam Dugan , Daphne Ippolito , Arun Kirubarajan , Sherry Shi , Chris Callison-Burch

Fake news poses a significant threat to public opinion and social stability in modern society. This study presents a comparative evaluation of BERT-like encoder-only models and autoregressive decoder-only large language models (LLMs) for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Shaina Raza , Drai Paulen-Patterson , Chen Ding

We find that large language models (LLMs) are more likely to modify human-written text than AI-generated text when tasked with rewriting. This tendency arises because LLMs often perceive AI-generated text as high-quality, leading to fewer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Chengzhi Mao , Carl Vondrick , Hao Wang , Junfeng Yang

Recently, generative AIs like ChatGPT have become available to the wide public. These tools can for instance be used by students to generate essays or whole theses. But how does a teacher know whether a text is written by a student or an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Lorenz Mindner , Tim Schlippe , Kristina Schaaff

A prominent achievement of natural language processing (NLP) is its ability to understand and generate meaningful human language. This capability relies on complex feedforward transformer block architectures pre-trained on large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Ronit D. Gross , Yarden Tzach , Tal Halevi , Ella Koresh , Ido Kanter

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in social and psychological research. Among potential applications, LLMs can be used to generate, customise, or adapt measurement instruments. This study…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Mario Angelelli , Morena Oliva , Serena Arima , Enrico Ciavolino

The widespread use of human-like text from Large Language Models (LLMs) necessitates the development of robust detection systems. However, progress is limited by a critical lack of suitable training data; existing datasets are often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Irina Tolstykh , Aleksandra Tsybina , Sergey Yakubson , Maksim Kuprashevich

Large Language Models (LLMs) enable a future in which certain types of legal documents may be generated automatically. This has a great potential to streamline legal processes, lower the cost of legal services, and dramatically increase…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Jakub Harasta , Tereza Novotná , Jaromir Savelka

We conduct a quantitative analysis contrasting human-written English news text with comparable large language model (LLM) output from six different LLMs that cover three different families and four sizes in total. Our analysis spans several…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Alberto Muñoz-Ortiz , Carlos Gómez-Rodríguez , David Vilares

The potentials of Generative-AI technologies like Large Language models (LLMs) to revolutionize education are undermined by ethical considerations around their misuse which worsens the problem of academic dishonesty. LLMs like GPT-4 and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Suriya Prakash Jambunathan , Ashwath Shankarnarayan , Parijat Dube

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) in customer service introduces new risks, as malicious actors can exploit them to conduct large-scale user impersonation through machine-generated text (MGT). Current MGT detection methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Angela Yifei Yuan , Haoyi Li , Soyeon Caren Han , Christopher Leckie

The use of machine learning (ML) models to assess and score textual data has become increasingly pervasive in an array of contexts including natural language processing, information retrieval, search and recommendation, and credibility…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Marialena Bevilacqua , Kezia Oketch , Ruiyang Qin , Will Stamey , Xinyuan Zhang , Yi Gan , Kai Yang , Ahmed Abbasi

Recent advances in generative pre-trained transformer large language models have emphasised the potential risks of unfair use of artificial intelligence (AI) generated content in an academic environment and intensified efforts in searching…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in code generation tasks, yet they face significant limitations in handling complex, long-context programming challenges and demonstrating complex compositional reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Amr Almorsi , Mohanned Ahmed , Walid Gomaa

The autonomous decision-making process, which is increasingly applied to computer systems, requires that the choices made by these systems align with human values. In this context, systems must assess how well their decisions reflect human…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Eduardo de la Cruz Fernández , Marcelo Karanik , Sascha Ossowski

The rapid proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has created an urgent need for robust and generalizable detectors of machine-generated text. Existing benchmarks typically evaluate a single detector on a single dataset under ideal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Madhav S. Baidya , S. S. Baidya , Chirag Chawla

Large language models are increasingly used for many applications. To prevent illicit use, it is desirable to be able to detect AI-generated text. Training and evaluation of such detectors critically depend on suitable benchmark datasets.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Philipp Dingfelder , Christian Riess