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Gibbs sampling is a workhorse for Bayesian inference but has several limitations when used for parameter estimation, and is often much slower than non-sampling inference methods. SAME (State Augmentation for Marginal Estimation)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-09-19 Huasha Zhao , Biye Jiang , John Canny

Simulation-based inference (SBI) has become an important tool in cosmology for extracting additional information from observational data using simulations. However, all cosmological simulations are approximations of the actual universe, and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-08 Sébastien Pierre , Bruno Régaldo-Saint Blancard , ChangHoon Hahn , Michael Eickenberg

How much cosmological information can we reliably extract from existing and upcoming large-scale structure observations? Many summary statistics fall short in describing the non-Gaussian nature of the late-time Universe in comparison to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-15 Kai Lehman , Sven Krippendorf , Jochen Weller , Klaus Dolag

Integrative modeling of macromolecular assemblies allows for structural characterization of large assemblies that are recalcitrant to direct experimental observation. A Bayesian inference approach facilitates combining data from…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-13 Shreyas Arvindekar , Kartik Majila , Shruthi Viswanath

In clinical applications, the utility of segmentation models is often based on the accuracy of derived downstream metrics such as organ size, rather than by the pixel-level accuracy of the segmentation masks themselves. Thus, uncertainty…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-03 Matt Y. Cheung , Ashok Veeraraghavan , Guha Balakrishnan

We present the first simulation-based inference (SBI) of cosmological parameters from field-level analysis of galaxy clustering. Standard galaxy clustering analyses rely on analyzing summary statistics, such as the power spectrum, $P_\ell$,…

Galaxy clusters are powerful probes of the growth of cosmic structure through measurements of their abundance as a function of mass and redshift. Extracting precise cosmological constraints from cluster surveys is challenging, as we must…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-25 Constantin Payerne , Calum Murray , Hugo Simon

In the era of precision cosmology, the ability to generate accurate and large-scale galaxy catalogs is crucial for advancing our understanding of the universe. With the flood of cosmological data from current and upcoming missions,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-13 Tanner Sether , Elena Giusarma , Mauricio Reyes-Hurtado

With the advent of billion-galaxy surveys with complex data, the need of the hour is to efficiently model galaxy spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with robust uncertainty quantification. The combination of Simulation-Based inference…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-11-18 Gourav Khullar , Brian Nord , Aleksandra Ciprijanovic , Jason Poh , Fei Xu

This is the first of a series of papers that will introduce a user-friendly, detailed, and modular GALactic Chemical Evolution Model, GalCEM, that tracks isotope masses as a function of time in a given galaxy. The list of tracked isotopes…

Datasets used in immunotherapy response prediction are typically small in size, as well as diverse in cancer type, drug administered, and sequencer used. Models often drop in performance when tested on patient cohorts that are not included…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Sayed Hashim , Frank Soboczenski , Paul Cairns

We advocate for a new paradigm of cosmological likelihood-based inference, leveraging recent developments in machine learning and its underlying technology, to accelerate Bayesian inference in high-dimensional settings. Specifically, we…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-06 Davide Piras , Alicja Polanska , Alessio Spurio Mancini , Matthew A. Price , Jason D. McEwen

Upcoming million-star spectroscopic surveys have the potential to revolutionize our view of the formation and chemical evolution of the Milky Way. Realizing this potential requires automated approaches to optimize estimates of stellar…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-01-26 Stephen M. Feeney , Benjamin D. Wandelt , Melissa K. Ness

Neural simulation-based inference is a powerful class of machine-learning-based methods for statistical inference that naturally handles high-dimensional parameter estimation without the need to bin data into low-dimensional summary…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2025-06-16 ATLAS Collaboration

We present a novel approach to reconstruct gas and dark matter projected density maps of galaxy clusters using score-based generative modeling. Our diffusion model takes in mock SZ and X-ray images as conditional inputs, and generates…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-16 Alan Hsu , Matthew Ho , Joyce Lin , Carleen Markey , Michelle Ntampaka , Hy Trac , Barnabás Póczos

Cosmological probes pose an inverse problem where the measurement result is obtained through observations, and the objective is to infer values of model parameters which characterize the underlying physical system -- our Universe. Modern…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-21 Timur Takhtaganov , Zarija Lukic , Juliane Mueller , Dmitriy Morozov

The inadequate mixing of conventional Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods for multi-modal distributions presents a significant challenge in practical applications such as Bayesian inference and molecular dynamics. Addressing this, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-30 Wenlin Chen , Mingtian Zhang , Brooks Paige , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato , David Barber

We present a study on the inference of cosmological and astrophysical parameters using stacked galaxy cluster profiles. Utilizing the CAMELS-zoomGZ simulations, we explore how various cluster properties--such as X-ray surface brightness,…

Cosmological hydrodynamic simulations can accurately predict the properties of the intergalactic medium (IGM), but only under the condition of retaining high spatial resolution necessary to resolve density fluctuations in the IGM. This…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-17 Daniele Sorini , José Oñorbe , Zarija Lukić , Joseph F. Hennawi

Biased enhanced sampling methods utilizing collective variables (CVs) are powerful tools for sampling conformational ensembles. Due to high intrinsic dimensions, efficiently generating conformational ensembles for complex systems requires…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Yikai Liu , Tushar K. Ghosh , Guang Lin , Ming Chen