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The deployment of Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) at scale is hindered due to its heavy computational overhead. While specialized hardware accelerators like Google Tensor Processing Units (TPUs) can help, mapping complex cryptographic…

Fully-Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) offers powerful capabilities by enabling secure offloading of both storage and computation, and recent innovations in schemes and implementations have made it all the more attractive. At the same time, FHE…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Roshan Dathathri , Blagovesta Kostova , Olli Saarikivi , Wei Dai , Kim Laine , Madanlal Musuvathi

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows computations to be performed directly on encrypted data without needing to decrypt it first. This "encryption-in-use" feature is crucial for securely outsourcing computations in privacy-sensitive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Muhammad Husni Santriaji , Jiaqi Xue , Qian Lou , Yan Solihin

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) protects data privacy in cloud computing by enabling computations to directly occur on ciphertexts. To improve the time-consuming FHE operations, we present an electro-optical (EO) FHE accelerator,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Mengxin Zheng , Qian Lou , Fan Chen , Lei Jiang , Yongxin Zhu

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a relatively recent advancement in the field of privacy-preserving technologies. FHE allows for the arbitrary depth computation of both addition and multiplication, and thus the application of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-29 George Onoufriou , Paul Mayfield , Georgios Leontidis

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) has the potential to substantially improve privacy and security by enabling computation directly on encrypted data. This is especially true with deep learning, as today, many popular user services are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Austin Ebel , Karthik Garimella , Brandon Reagen

Deep Learning as a Service (DLaaS) stands as a promising solution for cloud-based inference applications. In this setting, the cloud has a pre-learned model whereas the user has samples on which she wants to run the model. The biggest…

With the advent of functional encryption, new possibilities for computation on encrypted data have arisen. Functional Encryption enables data owners to grant third-party access to perform specified computations without disclosing their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Prajwal Panzade , Daniel Takabi

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows for the execution of computations on encrypted data without the need to decrypt it first, offering significant potential for privacy-preserving computational operations. Emerging arithmetic-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Ardhi Wiratama Baskara Yudha , Jiaqi Xue , Qian Lou , Huiyang Zhou , Yan Solihin

Dynamic programming (DP) based algorithms are essential yet compute-intensive parts of numerous bioinformatics pipelines, which typically involve populating a 2-D scoring matrix based on a recursive formula, optionally followed by a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Yingqi Cao , Anshu Gupta , Jason Liang , Yatish Turakhia

Computations can be directly carried out over ciphertexts using homomorphic encryption (HE), which is indispensable for privacy-preserving cloud computing. Linear transformation is widely used in neural networks, including large language…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sajjad Akherati , Xinmiao Zhang

Fully Homomorphic Encryption over the torus (TFHE) enables computation on encrypted data without decryption, making it a cornerstone of secure and confidential computing. Despite its potential in privacy preserving machine learning, secure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Mayank Kumar , Jiaqi Xue , Mengxin Zheng , Qian Lou

Among biometric verification systems, irises stand out because they offer high accuracy even in large-scale databases. For example, the World ID project aims to provide authentication to all humans via iris recognition, with millions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Jincheol Ha , Guillaume Hanrot , Taeyeong Noh , Jung Hee Cheon , Jung Woo Kim , Damien Stehlé

Federated Learning trains machine learning models on distributed devices by aggregating local model updates instead of local data. However, privacy concerns arise as the aggregated local models on the server may reveal sensitive personal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Weizhao Jin , Yuhang Yao , Shanshan Han , Jiajun Gu , Carlee Joe-Wong , Srivatsan Ravi , Salman Avestimehr , Chaoyang He

Today, there is a trend to incorporate more intelligence (e.g., vision capabilities) into a wide range of devices, which makes high performance a necessity for computing systems. Furthermore, for embedded systems, low power consumption…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-08-25 Zhilei Chai , Zhibin Wang , Wenmin Yang , Shuai Ding , Yuanpu Zhang

With the expansion of cloud services, serious concerns about the privacy of users' data arise due to the exposure of the unencrypted data to the server during computation. Various security primitives are under investigation to preserve…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Zhehong Wang , Dennis Sylvester , Hun-Seok Kim , David Blaauw

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) enables the evaluation of programs directly on encrypted data. However, because only basic operations can be performed on ciphertexts, programs must be expressed as boolean or arithmetic circuits. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Anne Müller , Mohd Kashif , Nico Döttling

Fully Homomorphic Encryption is a technique that allows computation on encrypted data. It has the potential to change privacy considerations in the cloud, but computational and memory overheads are preventing its adoption. TFHE is a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Michiel Van Beirendonck , Jan-Pieter D'Anvers , Furkan Turan , Ingrid Verbauwhede

Federated Learning (FL) has become a viable technique for realizing privacy-enhancing distributed deep learning on the network edge. Heterogeneous hardware, unreliable client devices, and energy constraints often characterize edge computing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Herbert Woisetschläger , Alexander Erben , Ruben Mayer , Shiqiang Wang , Hans-Arno Jacobsen

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) relies heavily on the Number Theoretic Transform (NTT), making NTT a major performance bottleneck due to its intensive polynomial computations. Hybrid Homomorphic Encryption (HHE), which integrates…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Hang Gu , Teng Wang , Qianyu Cheng , Jinao Li , Zhendong Zheng , Lei Gong , Wenqi Lou , Xi Li , Xuehai Zhou