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Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in generating code for general-purpose programming languages. However, their potential for hardware description languages (HDLs), such as SystemVerilog,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Arnav Sheth , Ivaxi Sheth , Mario Fritz

Large language models (LLMs) have improved Verilog generation from natural-language specifications, but most pipelines still treat generation as isolated sampling followed by functional checking. This is insufficient for practical RTL…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zehua Pei , Hui-Ling Zhen , Yu Zhang , Sinno Jialin Pan , Mingxuan Yuan , Bei Yu

Existing reinforcement learning strategies based on outcome supervision have proven effective in enhancing the performance of large language models(LLMs) for code generation. While reinforcement learning based on process supervision has…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Yufan Ye , Ting Zhang , Wenbin Jiang , Hua Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) generate functionally correct solutions but often fall short in code efficiency, a critical bottleneck for real-world deployment. In this paper, we introduce a novel test-time iterative optimization framework to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Mingzhe Du , Luu Anh Tuan , Yue Liu , Yuhao Qing , Dong Huang , Xinyi He , Qian Liu , Zejun Ma , See-kiong Ng

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly adapted to downstream tasks via reinforcement learning (RL) methods like Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), which often require thousands of rollouts to learn new tasks. We argue that…

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has driven a growing demand for automated, high-performance system kernels to accelerate machine learning workloads. We introduce TritonRL, a domain-specialized 8B-scale LLM for Triton…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jiin Woo , Shaowei Zhu , Allen Nie , Zhen Jia , Yida Wang , Youngsuk Park

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising capabilities in generating Verilog code from module specifications. To improve the quality of such generated Verilog codes, previous methods require either time-consuming manual…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Zhuorui Zhao , Ruidi Qiu , Ing-Chao Lin , Grace Li Zhang , Bing Li , Ulf Schlichtmann

Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are widely used in modern hardware design, yet writing Hardware Description Language (HDL) code for FPGA implementation remains a complex and time-consuming task. Large Language Models (LLMs) have…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Ce Guo , Tong Zhao

Complex Verilog Design Problems (CVDP) challenge hardware LLM agents because solving them requires localizing verifier-relevant RTL, testbenches, include paths, and build dependencies inside large repository snapshots, making precise edits,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Zijian Du , Nathaniel Pinckney

This work investigates the potential of tailoring Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically GPT3.5 and GPT4, for the domain of chip testing. A key aspect of chip design is functional testing, which relies on testbenches to evaluate the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Jitendra Bhandari , Johann Knechtel , Ramesh Narayanaswamy , Siddharth Garg , Ramesh Karri

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising progress for generating Register Transfer Level (RTL) hardware designs, largely because they can rapidly propose alternative architectural realizations. However, single-shot LLM generation…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Shiva Ahir , Prajna Bhat , Alex Doboli

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in hardware design has taken off in recent years, principally through its incorporation in tools that increase chip designer productivity. There has been considerable discussion about the use of LLMs…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Nicolas Dupuis , Ravi Nair , Shyam Ramji , Sean McClintock , Nishant Chauhan , Priyanka Nagpal , Bart Blaner , Ken Valk , Leon Stok , Ruchir Puri

Applying large language models (LLMs) to RTL code optimization for improved power, performance, and area (PPA) faces two key challenges: ensuring functional correctness of optimized designs despite LLM hallucination, and systematically…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Heng Ping , Peiyu Zhang , Zhenkun Wang , Shixuan Li , Anzhe Cheng , Wei Yang , Paul Bogdan , Shahin Nazarian

Understanding real-world videos with complex semantics and long temporal dependencies remains a fundamental challenge in computer vision. Recent progress in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has demonstrated strong capabilities in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Hongyu Li , Songhao Han , Yue Liao , Junfeng Luo , Jialin Gao , Shuicheng Yan , Si Liu

The development of large-scale foundation models, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), is constrained by significant computational and memory bottlenecks. These challenges elevate throughput optimization from a mere engineering task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Mayank Jha

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated immense potential in computer-aided design (CAD), particularly for automated debugging and verification within electronic design automation (EDA) tools. However, Design for Testability (DFT)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haomin Qi , Yuyang Du , Lihao Zhang , Soung Chang Liew , Kexin Chen , Yining Du

Large Language Models (LLMs) with inference-time scaling techniques show promise for code generation, yet face notable efficiency and scalability challenges. Construction-based tree-search methods suffer from rapid growth in tree size, high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Zhiyi Lyu , Jianguo Huang , Yanchen Deng , Steven Hoi , Bo An

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant potential in designing reward functions for Reinforcement Learning (RL) tasks. However, obtaining high-quality reward code often involves human intervention, numerous LLM queries, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Shengjie Sun , Runze Liu , Jiafei Lyu , Jing-Wen Yang , Liangpeng Zhang , Xiu Li

In practice, rigorous reasoning is often a key driver of correct code, while Reinforcement Learning (RL) for code generation often neglects optimizing reasoning quality. Bringing process-level supervision into RL is appealing, but it faces…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Lishui Fan , Yu Zhang , Mouxiang Chen , Zhongxin Liu

This paper investigates Reinforcement Learning (RL) approaches to enhance the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Model (LLM) agents in long-horizon, multi-turn scenarios. Although RL algorithms such as Group Relative Policy…