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Machine learning has long since become a keystone technology, accelerating science and applications in a broad range of domains. Consequently, the notion of applying learning methods to a particular problem set has become an established and…

Artificial intelligence (AI) research today is largely driven by ever-larger neural network models trained on graphics processing units (GPUs). This paradigm has yielded remarkable progress, but it also risks entrenching a hardware lottery…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Bipin Rajendran , Osvaldo Simeone , Bashir M. Al-Hashimi

Complex machine learning models are deployed in several critical domains including healthcare and autonomous vehicles nowadays, albeit as functional black boxes. Consequently, there has been a recent surge in interpreting decisions of such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-20 Zijian Zhang , Jaspreet Singh , Ujwal Gadiraju , Avishek Anand

The extent to which different biological and artificial neural systems rely on equivalent internal representations to support similar tasks remains a central question in neuroscience and machine learning. Prior work typically compares…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jialin Wu , Shreya Saha , Yiqing Bo , Meenakshi Khosla

Drawing on the idea that brain development is a Darwinian process of ``evolution + selection'' and the idea that the current state is a local equilibrium state of many bodies with self-organization and evolution processes driven by the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Ping Guo , Qian Yin

What is it about human brains that allows us to reason symbolically whereas most other animals cannot? There is evidence that dynamic binding, the ability to combine neurons into groups on the fly, is necessary for symbolic thought, but…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-22 John E. Hummel , Rachel F. Heaton

Deep neural networks set the state-of-the-art across many tasks in computer vision, but their generalization ability to image distortions is surprisingly fragile. In contrast, the mammalian visual system is robust to a wide range of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Shahd Safarani , Arne Nix , Konstantin Willeke , Santiago A. Cadena , Kelli Restivo , George Denfield , Andreas S. Tolias , Fabian H. Sinz

Generative AI systems have rapidly advanced, with multimodal input capabilities enabling reasoning beyond text-based tasks. In education, these advancements could influence assessment design and question answering, presenting both…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Aymeric de Chillaz , Anna Sotnikova , Patrick Jermann , Antoine Bosselut

The term embodied intelligence (EI) conveys the notion that body morphology, material properties, interaction with the environment, and control strategies can be purposefully integrated into the process of robotic design to generate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Nestor O. Perez-Arancibia

We introduce Interactive Intelligence, a novel paradigm of digital human that is capable of personality-aligned expression, adaptive interaction, and self-evolution. To realize this, we present Mio (Multimodal Interactive Omni-Avatar), an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Yiyi Cai , Xuangeng Chu , Xiwei Gao , Sitong Gong , Yifei Huang , Caixin Kang , Kunhang Li , Haiyang Liu , Ruicong Liu , Yun Liu , Dianwen Ng , Zixiong Su , Erwin Wu , Yuhan Wu , Dingkun Yan , Tianyu Yan , Chang Zeng , Bo Zheng , You Zhou

This work will elaborate the fundamental principles of physical artificial intelligence (Physical AI) from a scientific and systemic perspective. The aim is to create a theoretical foundation that describes the physical embodiment, sensory…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Vahid Salehi

Attention mechanisms have significantly advanced deep learning by enhancing feature representation through selective focus. However, existing approaches often independently model channel importance and spatial saliency, overlooking their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Zhenkai Qin , Jiaquan Liang , Qiao Fang

Multimodal reasoning requires iterative coordination between language and vision, yet it remains unclear what constitutes a meaningful interleaved chain of thought. We posit that text and image thoughts should function as complementary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiawei Gu , Yunzhuo Hao , Huichen Will Wang , Linjie Li , Michael Qizhe Shieh , Yejin Choi , Ranjay Krishna , Yu Cheng

Humans demonstrate a variety of interesting behavioral characteristics when performing tasks, such as selecting between seemingly equivalent optimal actions, performing recovery actions when deviating from the optimal trajectory, or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Hanbit Oh , Hikaru Sasaki , Brendan Michael , Takamitsu Matsubara

Cognitive modeling, which explores the essence of cognition, including motivation, emotion, and perception, has been widely applied in the artificial intelligence (AI) agent domains, such as robotics. From the computational perspective,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Qin Yang

Cognitive neuroscience is enjoying rapid increase in extensive public brain-imaging datasets. It opens the door to large-scale statistical models. Finding a unified perspective for all available data calls for scalable and automated…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-16 Arthur Mensch , Julien Mairal , Danilo Bzdok , Bertrand Thirion , Gaël Varoquaux

The article proposes a universal dual-axis intelligent systems assessment scale. The scale considers the properties of intelligent systems within the environmental context, which develops over time. In contrast to the frequent consideration…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Oleg V. Kubryak , Sergey V. Kovalchuk , Nadezhda G. Bagdasaryan

The vast proliferation of sensor devices and Internet of Things enables the applications of sensor-based activity recognition. However, there exist substantial challenges that could influence the performance of the recognition system in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Kaixuan Chen , Dalin Zhang , Lina Yao , Bin Guo , Zhiwen Yu , Yunhao Liu

Human intelligence and human consciousness emerge gradually during the process of cognitive development. Understanding this development is an essential aspect of understanding the human mind and may facilitate the construction of artificial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Dominik Mattern , Pierre Schumacher , Francisco M. López , Marcel C. Raabe , Markus R. Ernst , Arthur Aubret , Jochen Triesch

The rapid advancement of autonomous systems, including self-driving vehicles and drones, has intensified the need to forge true Spatial Intelligence from multi-modal onboard sensor data. While foundation models excel in single-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Song Wang , Lingdong Kong , Xiaolu Liu , Hao Shi , Wentong Li , Jianke Zhu , Steven C. H. Hoi