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We present FIT: a transformer-based architecture with efficient self-attention and adaptive computation. Unlike original transformers, which operate on a single sequence of data tokens, we divide the data tokens into groups, with each group…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Ting Chen , Lala Li

Looped Transformers (LT) have emerged as a powerful architecture by iterating their layers multiple times before decoding the final token. However, pairing them with full attention retains quadratic complexity, making them computationally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Chunyuan Deng , Yizhe Zhang , Rui-Jie Zhu , Yuanyuan Xu , Jiarui Liu , T. S. Eugene Ng , Hanjie Chen

Effectively processing long contexts is a critical challenge for language models. While standard Transformers are limited by quadratic complexity and poor length extrapolation, alternative architectures like sliding window attention and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Jiaqi Leng , Xiang Hu , Junxiong Wang , Jianguo Li , Wei Wu , Yucheng Lu

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit substantial parameter redundancy, particularly in Feed-Forward Networks (FFNs). Existing pruning methods suffer from two primary limitations. First, reliance on dataset-specific calibration introduces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Abhishek Tyagi , Yunuo Cen , Shrey Dhorajiya , Bharadwaj Veeravalli , Xuanyao Fong

Transformers with linear attention allow for efficient parallel training but can simultaneously be formulated as an RNN with 2D (matrix-valued) hidden states, thus enjoying linear-time inference complexity. However, linear attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Songlin Yang , Bailin Wang , Yikang Shen , Rameswar Panda , Yoon Kim

Predicting click-through rates (CTR) is a fundamental task for Web applications, where a key issue is to devise effective models for feature interactions. Current methodologies predominantly concentrate on modeling feature interactions…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Yushen Li , Jinpeng Wang , Tao Dai , Jieming Zhu , Jun Yuan , Rui Zhang , Shu-Tao Xia

Although transformer architectures have achieved state-of-the-art performance across diverse domains, their quadratic computational complexity with respect to sequence length remains a significant bottleneck, particularly for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Zeyu Liu , Souvik Kundu , Lianghao Jiang , Anni Li , Srikanth Ronanki , Sravan Bodapati , Gourav Datta , Peter A. Beerel

The quadratic computational complexity of standard attention mechanisms presents a severe scalability bottleneck for LLMs in long-context scenarios. While hybrid attention mechanisms combining Full Attention (FA) and Sparse Attention (SA)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Quantong Qiu , Zhiyi Hong , Yi Yang , Haitian Wang , Kebin Liu , Qingqing Dang , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

Softmax attention is the cornerstone of modern large language models, but its memory scales linearly and compute quadratically with sequence length. Linear recurrent models, such as linear attention and state space models, have become…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Kevin Y. Li , Asher Trockman , Ananda Theertha Suresh , Ziteng Sun

Transformers have had tremendous impact for several sequence related tasks, largely due to their ability to retrieve from any part of the sequence via softmax based dot-product attention. This mechanism plays a crucial role in Transformer's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Sai Surya Duvvuri , Inderjit S. Dhillon

The attention module is the key component in Transformers. While the global attention mechanism offers high expressiveness, its excessive computational cost restricts its applicability in various scenarios. In this paper, we propose a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Dongchen Han , Tianzhu Ye , Yizeng Han , Zhuofan Xia , Siyuan Pan , Pengfei Wan , Shiji Song , Gao Huang

We present an attention-based modular neural framework for computer vision. The framework uses a soft attention mechanism allowing models to be trained with gradient descent. It consists of three modules: a recurrent attention module…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-04-29 Samira Ebrahimi Kahou , Vincent Michalski , Roland Memisevic

Transformers have outperformed recurrent neural networks (RNNs) in natural language generation. But this comes with a significant computational cost, as the attention mechanism's complexity scales quadratically with sequence length.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Jungo Kasai , Hao Peng , Yizhe Zhang , Dani Yogatama , Gabriel Ilharco , Nikolaos Pappas , Yi Mao , Weizhu Chen , Noah A. Smith

Despite the advantageous subquadratic complexity of modern recurrent deep learning models -- such as state-space models (SSMs) -- recent studies have highlighted their potential shortcomings compared to transformers on reasoning and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Destiny Okpekpe , Antonio Orvieto

Transformer-based methods have shown impressive performance in image restoration tasks, such as image super-resolution and denoising. However, we find that these networks can only utilize a limited spatial range of input information through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Xiangyu Chen , Xintao Wang , Wenlong Zhang , Xiangtao Kong , Yu Qiao , Jiantao Zhou , Chao Dong

We study length generalization in sequence models on a composite problem involving both state tracking and associative recall. Prior work finds that recurrent networks handle state tracking well but struggle with recall, whereas…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Buu Phan , Reza Ebrahimi , Sanjay Haresh , Roland Memisevic

We explore how iterative revising a chain of thoughts with the help of information retrieval significantly improves large language models' reasoning and generation ability in long-horizon generation tasks, while hugely mitigating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Zihao Wang , Anji Liu , Haowei Lin , Jiaqi Li , Xiaojian Ma , Yitao Liang

Transformer-based models show their effectiveness across multiple domains and tasks. The self-attention allows to combine information from all sequence elements into context-aware representations. However, global and local information has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Aydar Bulatov , Yuri Kuratov , Mikhail S. Burtsev

This paper addresses the challenge of creating a neural architecture for very long sequences that requires constant time for processing new information at each time step. Our approach, Associative Recurrent Memory Transformer (ARMT), is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Ivan Rodkin , Yuri Kuratov , Aydar Bulatov , Mikhail Burtsev

Recently, Transformer-based image restoration networks have achieved promising improvements over convolutional neural networks due to parameter-independent global interactions. To lower computational cost, existing works generally limit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Jiale Zhang , Yulun Zhang , Jinjin Gu , Yongbing Zhang , Linghe Kong , Xin Yuan