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The widespread deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) has intensified concerns about subtle social biases embedded in their outputs. Existing guardrails often fail when faced with indirect or contextually complex bias-inducing prompts.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Sina Salimian , Gias Uddin , Sumon Biswas , Henry Leung

Deep learning (DL) techniques are on the rise in the software engineering research community. More and more approaches have been developed on top of DL models, also due to the unprecedented amount of software-related data that can be used…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Alejandro Mazuera-Rozo , Anamaria Mojica-Hanke , Mario Linares-Vásquez , Gabriele Bavota

Recently, there has been a significant growth of interest in applying software engineering techniques for the quality assurance of deep learning (DL) systems. One popular direction is deep learning testing, where adversarial examples…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Jingyi Wang , Jialuo Chen , Youcheng Sun , Xingjun Ma , Dongxia Wang , Jun Sun , Peng Cheng

Deep learning has revolutionized biomedical research by providing sophisticated methods to handle complex, high-dimensional data. Multimodal deep learning (MDL) further enhances this capability by integrating diverse data types such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Valerio Guarrasi , Fatih Aksu , Camillo Maria Caruso , Francesco Di Feola , Aurora Rofena , Filippo Ruffini , Paolo Soda

With the application of deep learning technology, tools of DL framework testing are in high demand. Existing DL framework testing tools have limited coverage of bug types. For example, they lack the capability of effectively finding…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Xiaoyu Zhang , Juan Zhai , Shiqing Ma , Shiwei Wang , Chao Shen

The integration of deep learning to reinforcement learning (RL) has enabled RL to perform efficiently in high-dimensional environments. Deep RL methods have been applied to solve many complex real-world problems in recent years. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Ngoc Duy Nguyen , Thanh Thi Nguyen , Hai Nguyen , Doug Creighton , Saeid Nahavandi

Compiler optimization techniques are inherently complex, and rigorous testing of compiler optimization implementation is critical. Recent years have witnessed the emergence of testing approaches for uncovering incorrect optimization bugs,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Jingwen Wu , Jiajing Zheng , Zhenyu Yang , Zhongxing Yu

LLM-based automated program repair (APR) techniques have shown promising results in reducing debugging costs. However, prior results can be affected by data leakage: large language models (LLMs) may memorize bug fixes when evaluation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Milan De Koning , Ali Asgari , Pouria Derakhshanfar , Annibale Panichella

Context. Metamorphic Testing is recognised in IEEE/ISO software-testing standards and increasingly recommended for AI systems, but its progress is bottlenecked by metamorphic relation (MR) identification: existing approaches (structured…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Meng Li , Xiaohua Yang , Jie Liu , Shiyu Yan

Context: Mutation Testing (MT) is an important tool in traditional Software Engineering (SE) white-box testing. It aims to artificially inject faults in a system to evaluate a test suite's capability to detect them, assuming that the test…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Florian Tambon , Foutse Khomh , Giuliano Antoniol

As the laws have become more complicated and enormous, the role of software systems in navigating and understanding these intricacies has become more critical. Given their socio-economic and legally critical implications, ensuring software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Saeid Tizpaz-Niari , Shiva Darian , Ashutosh Trivedi

Based on its great successes in inference and denosing tasks, Dictionary Learning (DL) and its related sparse optimization formulations have garnered a lot of research interest. While most solutions have focused on single layer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Wen Tang , Emilie Chouzenoux , Jean-Christophe Pesquet , Hamid Krim

Autonomous driving has gained much attention from both industry and academia. Currently, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are widely used for perception and control in autonomous driving. However, several fatal accidents caused by autonomous…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Yao Deng , Xi Zheng , Tianyi Zhang , Guannan Lou , Huai liu , Miryung Kim , Tsong Yueh Chen

Deep Learning (DL) frameworks are now widely used, simplifying the creation of complex models as well as their integration to various applications even to non DL experts. However, like any other programs, they are prone to bugs. This paper…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Florian Tambon , Amin Nikanjam , Le An , Foutse Khomh , Giuliano Antoniol

Deep Learning (DL) frameworks have served as fundamental components in DL systems over the last decade. However, bugs in DL frameworks could lead to catastrophic consequences in critical scenarios. A simple yet effective way to find bugs in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shaoyu Yang , Chunrong Fang , Haifeng Lin , Xiang Chen , Jia Liu , Zhenyu Chen

Metamorphic testing has recently been used to check the safety of neural NLP models. Its main advantage is that it does not rely on a ground truth to generate test cases. However, existing studies are mostly concerned with robustness-like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Edoardo Manino , Julia Rozanova , Danilo Carvalho , Andre Freitas , Lucas Cordeiro

The increasing inclusion of Deep Learning (DL) models in safety-critical systems such as autonomous vehicles have led to the development of multiple model-based DL testing techniques. One common denominator of these testing techniques is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Houssem Ben Braiek , Foutse khomh

Deep learning (DL) has been widely adopted those last years but they are computing-intensive method. Therefore, scientists proposed diverse optimization to accelerate their predictions for end-user applications. However, no single inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Pierrick Pochelu

Deep Research Agents (DRAs) generate citation-rich reports via multi-step search and synthesis, yet existing benchmarks mainly target text-only settings or short-form multimodal QA, missing end-to-end multimodal evidence use. We introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Peizhou Huang , Zixuan Zhong , Zhongwei Wan , Donghao Zhou , Samiul Alam , Xin Wang , Zexin Li , Zhihao Dou , Li Zhu , Jing Xiong , Chaofan Tao , Yan Xu , Dimitrios Dimitriadis , Tuo Zhang , Mi Zhang

Contemporary DNN testing works are frequently conducted using metamorphic testing (MT). In general, de facto MT frameworks mutate DNN input images using semantics-preserving mutations and determine if DNNs can yield consistent predictions.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Yuanyuan Yuan , Qi Pang , Shuai Wang
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