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Research has shown that counting WiFi packets called probe requests (PRs) implicitly provides a proxy for the number of people in an area. In this paper, we discuss a crowd counting system involving WiFi sensors detecting PRs over the air,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Jean-François Determe , Sophia Azzagnuni , François Horlin , Philippe De Doncker

Medium Access Control (MAC) address randomization is a key component for privacy protection in Wi-Fi networks. Current proposals periodically change the mobile device MAC addresses when it disconnects from the Access Point (AP). This way…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Hongyu Jin , Panos Papadimitratos

Media access control (MAC) addresses inside Wi-Fi packets can be used for beneficial activities such as crowdedness estimation, marketing, and hazard maps. However, the MAC address randomization systems introduced around 2014 make all…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Yuyi Cai , Manabu Tsukada , Hideya Ochiai , Hiroshi Esaki

Wireless networks have become an integral part of our daily lives and lately there is increased concern about privacy and protecting the identity of individual users. In this paper we address the evolution of privacy measures in Wi-Fi probe…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Tomas Bravenec , Joaquín Torres-Sospedra , Michael Gould , Tomas Fryza

Counting humans is an essential part of many people-centric applications. In this paper, we propose CrossCount: an accurate deep-learning-based human count estimator that uses a single WiFi link to estimate the human count in an area of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Osama T. Ibrahim , Walid Gomaa , Moustafa Youssef

WiFi-based mobility monitoring in urban environments can provide valuable insights into pedestrian and vehicle movements. However, MAC address randomization introduces a significant obstacle in accurately estimating congestion levels and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-05 Stepan Mazokha , Fanchen Bao , George Sklivanitis , Jason O. Hallstrom

Probe Requests are Wi-Fi management frames periodically sent by devices during network discovery. Tracking Probe Requests over time offers insights into movement patterns, traffic flows, and behavior trends, which are keys in applications…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Giovanni Baccichet , Fabio Palmese , Alessandro E. C. Redondi , Matteo Cesana

Recently several ground-breaking RF-based motion recognition systems were proposed to detect and/or recognize macro/micro human movements. These systems often suffer from various interferences caused by multiple-users moving simultaneously,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-10-30 Ning Xiao , Panlong Yang , Yubo Yan , Hao Zhou , Xiang-Yang Li , Haohua Du

Rate adaptation plays a key role in determining the performance of wireless LANs. In this paper, we introduce a semi-Markovian framework to analyze the performance of two of the most popular rate adaptation algorithms used in wireless LANs,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2010-10-20 Angad Singh , David Starobinski

We propose and experimentally evaluate a novel method that dynamically changes the contention window of access points based on system load to improve performance in a dense Wi-Fi deployment. A key feature is that no MAC protocol changes,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Thomas Sandholm , Bernardo Huberman , Belal Hamzeh , Scott Clearwater

Abstract. Since the introduction of active discovery in Wi-Fi networks, users can be tracked via their probe requests. Although manufacturers typically try to conceal Media Access Control (MAC) addresses using MAC address randomisation,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Johanna Ansohn McDougall , Alessandro Brighente , Anne Kunstmann , Niklas Zapatka , Hannes Federrath

Radio frequency fingerprint identification (RFFI) is a lightweight device authentication technique particularly desirable for power-constrained devices, e.g., the Internet of things (IoT) devices. Similar to biometric fingerprinting, RFFI…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-27 Lu Yang , Seyit Camtepe , Yansong Gao , Vicky Liu , Dhammika Jayalath

Randomized MAC addresses aim to prevent passive device tracking, yet Wi-Fi management frames still leak structured behavioral patterns. Prior work has relied primarily on syntactic probe-request features such as Information Elements (IEs),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Abhishek K. Mishra , Mathieu Cunche

Recently, the research of wireless sensing has achieved more intelligent results, and the intelligent sensing of human location and activity can be realized by means of WiFi devices. However, most of the current human environment perception…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Shangqing Liu , Yanchao Zhao , Fanggang Xue , Bing Chen , Xiang Chen

MAC address randomization is a privacy technique whereby mobile devices rotate through random hardware addresses in order to prevent observers from singling out their traffic or physical location from other nearby devices. Adoption of this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-04-03 Jeremy Martin , Travis Mayberry , Collin Donahue , Lucas Foppe , Lamont Brown , Chadwick Riggins , Erik C. Rye , Dane Brown

Rateless Multiple Access (RMA) is a novel non-orthogonal multiple access framework that is promising for massive access in Internet of Things (IoT) due to its high efficiency and low complexity. In the framework, after certain…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Zhaoyang Zhang , Xianbin Wang , Yu Zhang , Yan Chen

Radio frequency fingerprint identification (RFFI) is becoming increasingly popular, especially in applications with constrained power, such as the Internet of Things (IoT). Due to subtle manufacturing variations, wireless devices have…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-11 Lu Yang , Seyit Camtepe , Yansong Gao , Vicky Liu , Dhammika Jayalath

Wireless sensing is a promising technology for future wireless communication networks to realize various application services. Wireless local area network (WLAN)-based localization approaches using channel state information (CSI) have been…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Osamu Muta , Kazuki Noguchi , Junsuke Izumi , Shunsuke Shimizu , Tomoki Murakami , Shinya Otsuki

In wireless acoustic sensor networks (WASNs), sensors typically have a limited energy budget as they are often battery driven. Energy efficiency is therefore essential to the design of algorithms in WASNs. One way to reduce energy costs is…

Sound · Computer Science 2017-12-22 Jie Zhang , Richard Heusdens , Richard C. Hendriks

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with the Internet of Things (IoT) enables task-oriented communication for multi-edge cooperative inference system, where edge devices transmit extracted features of local sensory data to an…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-28 Dongwon Kim , Jiwan Seo , Joonhyuk Kang
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