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Related papers: Economic Evaluation of LLMs

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Large Language Models (LLMs) with reasoning capabilities have achieved state-of-the-art performance on a wide range of tasks. Despite its empirical success, the tasks and model scales at which reasoning becomes effective, as well as its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Nicolas Boizard , Hippolyte Gisserot-Boukhlef , Kevin El-Haddad , Céline Hudelot , Pierre Colombo

Large language models (LLMs), a recent advance in deep learning and machine intelligence, have manifested astonishing capacities, now considered among the most promising for artificial general intelligence. With human-like capabilities,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Zhilun Zhou , Jing Yi Wang , Nicholas Sukiennik , Chen Gao , Fengli Xu , Yong Li , James Evans

Advancements in large language models (LLMs) have sparked a growing interest in measuring and understanding their behavior through experimental economics. However, there is still a lack of established guidelines for designing economic…

General Economics · Economics 2025-07-17 Shu Wang , Zijun Yao , Shuhuai Zhang , Jianuo Gai , Tracy Xiao Liu , Songfa Zhong

The imperative to eliminate undesirable data memorization underscores the significance of machine unlearning for large language models (LLMs). Recent research has introduced a series of promising unlearning methods, notably boosting the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Qizhou Wang , Bo Han , Puning Yang , Jianing Zhu , Tongliang Liu , Masashi Sugiyama

This paper investigates the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in formulating and solving decision-making problems using mathematical programming. We first conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent literature to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Mohammad J. Abdel-Rahman , Yasmeen Alslman , Dania Refai , Amro Saleh , Malik A. Abu Loha , Mohammad Yahya Hamed

Machine learning algorithms can now outperform classic economic models in predicting quantities ranging from bargaining outcomes, to choice under uncertainty, to an individual's future jobs and wages. Yet this predictive accuracy comes at a…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-08-27 Annie Liang

Strategic model selection and reasoning settings are more effective than ensembling for optimizing automated scoring with large language models (LLMs). We examined self-consistency (intra-model majority voting) and reasoning effort for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Scott Frohn

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly proposed as near-autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) agents capable of making everyday decisions on behalf of humans. Although LLMs perform well on many technical tasks, their behaviour in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Mateusz Cedro , Timour Ichmoukhamedov , Sofie Goethals , Yifan He , James Hinns , David Martens

Modern AI systems increasingly rely on workflows composed of multiple interacting agents, some powered by large language models (LLMs) and others by conventional computational modules. This paper analyzes the fundamental tradeoffs between…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Ya-Ting Yang , Quanyan Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used for writing economic analysis reports or providing financial advice, but their ability to understand economic knowledge and reason about potential results of specific economic events lacks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Yue Guo , Yi Yang

Large language models (LLMs) promise to democratize financial analysis by reducing information-processing costs. Yet equal access does not ensure equal outcomes, as the locus of friction may shift from processing information to evaluating…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-10-23 Edward Li , Min Shen , Zhiyuan Tu , Dexin Zhou

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly boosted performance in natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, the deployment of high-performance LLMs incurs substantial costs, primarily due to the increased…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Saehan Jo , Immanuel Trummer

With the continuous evolution and refinement of LLMs, they are endowed with impressive logical reasoning or vertical thinking capabilities. But can they think out of the box? Do they possess proficient lateral thinking abilities? Following…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Shulin Huang , Shirong Ma , Yinghui Li , Mengzuo Huang , Wuhe Zou , Weidong Zhang , Hai-Tao Zheng

Large language models (LLMs) are limited by substantial computational cost. We introduce a "computational economics" framework that treats an LLM as an internal economy of resource-constrained agents (attention heads and neuron blocks) that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Sandeep Reddy , Kabir Khan , Rohit Patil , Ananya Chakraborty , Faizan A. Khan , Swati Kulkarni , Arjun Verma , Neha Singh

As large language models (LLMs) like GPT become increasingly prevalent, it is essential that we assess their capabilities beyond language processing. This paper examines the economic rationality of GPT by instructing it to make budgetary…

General Economics · Economics 2023-11-07 Yiting Chen , Tracy Xiao Liu , You Shan , Songfa Zhong

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit surprisingly diverse risk preferences when acting as AI decision makers, a crucial characteristic whose origins remain poorly understood despite their expanding economic roles. We analyze 50 LLMs using…

General Economics · Economics 2025-06-11 Shumiao Ouyang , Hayong Yun , Xingjian Zheng

Composing language models (LMs) into multi-step language programs and automatically optimizing their modular prompts is now a mainstream paradigm for building AI systems, but the tradeoffs in this space have only scarcely been studied…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Shangyin Tan , Lakshya A Agrawal , Arnav Singhvi , Liheng Lai , Michael J Ryan , Dan Klein , Omar Khattab , Koushik Sen , Matei Zaharia

Formal specifications, such as pre- and post-conditions provide a solid basis for performing thorough program verification. However, developers rarely provide such formal specifications, hence if AI could help in constructing them, it would…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-19 I. S. W. B. Prasetya , Fitsum Kifetew , Davide Prandi

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to support the analysis of complex financial disclosures, yet their reliability, behavioral consistency, and transparency remain insufficiently understood in high-stakes settings. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Md Talha Mohsin

Widespread adoption of AI systems hinges on their ability to generate economic value that outweighs their inference costs. Evaluating this tradeoff requires metrics accounting for both performance and costs. Building on production theory,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Mehmet Hamza Erol , Batu El , Mirac Suzgun , Mert Yuksekgonul , James Zou