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Two-photon interference, known as the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect, has colossal implications for quantum technology. It was observed in 1987 with two photodetectors monitoring outputs of the beamsplitter illuminated by photon pairs: the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-10 Anton N. Vetlugin , Ruixiang Guo , Cesare Soci , Nikolay I. Zheludev

Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect is known to be one of the main phenomena in quantum optics. The effect occurs when two identical single-photon waves enter a 1:1 beam splitter, one in each input port. When the photons are identical, they will…

Optics · Physics 2020-02-04 Dmitry N. Makarov

Interference between independent single photons is perhaps the most fundamental interaction in quantum optics. It has become increasingly important as a tool for optical quantum information science, as one of the rudimentary quantum…

Nearly 30 years ago, two-photon interference was observed, marking the beginning of a new quantum era. Indeed, two-photon interference has no classical analogue, giving it a distinct advantage for a range of applications. The peculiarities…

The Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect is a hallmark of nonclassical two-photon interference. This paper develops a unified theory-numerics framework to compute angle-resolved far-field two-photon correlations from arbitrary lossless dielectric…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-22 Chengnian Huang , Hangyu Ge , Yijia Cheng , Zi He , Feng Liu , Wei E. I. Sha

Two-photon interference is a fundamental quantum optics effect with numerous applications in quantum information science. Here, we study two-photon interference in multiple transverse-spatial modes along a single beam-path. Besides…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-31 Markus Hiekkamäki , Robert Fickler

The Hong-Ou-Mandel effect is a paradigmatic quantum phenomenon demonstrating the interference of two indistinguishable photons that are linearly coupled at a 50:50 beam splitter. Here, we transpose such a two-particle quantum interference…

The quantum interference between a coherent state and a single photon is an important tool in continuous variable optical quantum technologies to characterize and engineer non-Gaussian quantum states. Semiconductor quantum dots, which have…

Cavity-enhanced single photon sources exhibit mode-locked biphoton states with comb-like correlation functions. Our ultrabright source additionally emits either single photon pairs or two-photon NOON states, dividing the output into an even…

Interference at a beam splitter reveals both classical and quantum properties of electromagnetic radiation. When two indistinguishable single photons impinge at the two inputs of a beam splitter they coalesce into a pair of photons…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-21 C. Lang , C. Eichler , L. Steffen , J. M. Fink , M. J. Woolley , A. Blais , A. Wallraff

In recent works we have explored a multi-photon extension of the celebrated two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect in which the quantum amplitudes for a two-photon input to a lossless, balanced 50:50 beamsplitter (BS) undergoes complete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-10 Paul M. Alsing , Richard J. Birrittella

The two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference is a pure quantum effect which indicates the degree of indistinguishability of photons. The four-photon HOM interference exhibits richer dynamics in comparison to the two-photon interference…

Optics · Physics 2019-11-20 A. Ferreri , V. Ansari , C. Silberhorn , P. R. Sharapova

A fundamental element of quantum information processing with photonic qubits is the nonclassical quantum interference between two photons when they bunch together via the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect. Ultimately, many such pure photons must…

Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference, the bunching of indistinguishable photons at a beam splitter, is a staple of quantum optics and lies at the heart of many quantum sensing approaches and recent optical quantum computers. Here, we report a…

When quantum state amplitudes interfere, surprising non-classical features emerge which emphasis the roles of indistinguishability and discreteness in quantum mechanics. A famous example in quantum optics is the Hong Ou Mandel interference…

We theoretically study the quantum interference induced photon blockade phenomenon in atom cavity QED system, where the destructive interference between two different transition pathways prohibits the two-photon excitation. Here, we first…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-18 K. Hou , C. J. Zhu , Y. P. Yang , G. S. Agarwal

Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference unveils a distinct behavior of identical particles which cannot be distinguished from each other. Especially for bosons, two separated identical particles passing through a beamsplitter always go together…

The Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) effect ranks among the most notable quantum interference phenomena, and is central to many applications in quantum technologies. The fundamental effect appears when two independent and indistinguishable photons are…

Single-photon sources are at the heart of quantum-optical networks, with their uniquely quantum emission and phenomenon of two-photon interference allowing for the generation and transfer of nonclassical states. Although a few analytical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-08 Kevin A. Fischer , Kai Müller , Konstantinos G. Lagoudakis , Jelena Vučković

The Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) experiment was a benchmark in quantum optics, evidencing the quantum nature of the photon. In order to go deeper, and obtain the complete information about the quantum state of a system, for instance, composed by…