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Realistic synthetic tabular data generation encounters significant challenges in preserving privacy, especially when dealing with sensitive information in domains like finance and healthcare. In this paper, we introduce \textit{Federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Timur Sattarov , Marco Schreyer , Damian Borth

The ability to generate synthetic data has a variety of use cases across different domains. In education research, there is a growing need to have access to synthetic data to test certain concepts and ideas. In recent years, several deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Herkulaas MvE Combrink , Vukosi Marivate , Benjamin Rosman

Generative Foundation Models (GFMs) have achieved remarkable success in producing high-quality synthetic data for images and text. However, their application to tabular data presents significant challenges due to the heterogeneous nature of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Xiaofeng Lin , Chenheng Xu , Matthew Yang , Guang Cheng

Faced with the challenges of patient confidentiality and scientific reproducibility, research on machine learning for health is turning towards the conception of synthetic medical databases. This article presents a brief overview of…

Large Language Models (LLMs) generate realistic synthetic data but offer no guarantee that their outputs respect the causal mechanisms governing the target domain. We introduce CausalSynth, a framework that decouples causal structure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zehua Cheng , Wei Dai , Jiahao Sun , Thomas Lukasiewicz

Generation of realistic synthetic data has garnered considerable attention in recent years, particularly in the health research domain due to its utility in, for instance, sharing data while protecting patient privacy or determining optimal…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2025-01-30 Niki Z. Petrakos , Erica E. M. Moodie , Nicolas Savy

The current literature regarding generation of complex, realistic synthetic tabular data, particularly for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), often ignores missing data. However, missing data are common in RCT data and often are not…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2025-12-02 Niki Z. Petrakos , Erica E. M. Moodie , Nicolas Savy

Advances in deep generative modelling have not translated well to tabular data. We argue that this is caused by a mismatch in structure between popular generative models and discriminative models of tabular data. We thus devise a technique…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Junwei Ma , Apoorv Dankar , George Stein , Guangwei Yu , Anthony Caterini

Synthetic tabular data are increasingly being used to replace real data, serving as an effective solution that simultaneously protects privacy and addresses data scarcity. However, in addition to preserving global statistical properties,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yunbo Long , Liming Xu , Alexandra Brintrup

The development of tabular foundation models (TFMs) has accelerated in recent years, showing strong potential to outperform traditional ML methods for structured data. A key finding is that TFMs can be pretrained entirely on synthetic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Matthew Peroni , Franck Le , Vadim Sheinin

The application of machine learning on tabular data in specialized domains is severely limited by data scarcity. While generative models offer a solution, traditional methods falter in low-data regimes, and recent Large Language Models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Siyi Liu , Yujia Zheng , Yongqi Zhang

Prior-data fitted networks (PFNs) have recently been proposed as a promising way to train tabular foundation models. PFNs are transformers that are pre-trained on synthetic data generated from a prespecified prior distribution and that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yuchen Ma , Dennis Frauen , Emil Javurek , Stefan Feuerriegel

Existing approaches for synthetic tabular data generation are based on either purely generative models or LLMs, both of which struggle with data heterogeneity, logical consistency, rare-event coverage, and robustness in low-data regimes. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Junfeng Nie , Alvin Jin , Xiaohui Chen

Current evaluations of synthetic tabular data mainly focus on how well joint distributions are modeled, often overlooking the assessment of their effectiveness in preserving realistic event sequences and coherent entity relationships across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yunbo Long , Liming Xu , Alexandra Brintrup

The plethora of algorithms in the research field of process mining builds on directly-follows relations. Even though various improvements have been made in the last decade, there are serious weaknesses of these relationships. Once events…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Philipp Waibel , Lukas Pfahlsberger , Kate Revoredo , Jan Mendling

This article provides a comprehensive synthesis of the recent developments in synthetic data generation via deep generative models, focusing on tabular datasets. We specifically outline the importance of synthetic data generation in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Conor Hassan , Robert Salomone , Kerrie Mengersen

Recent research in tabular data synthesis has focused on single tables, whereas real-world applications often involve complex data with tens or hundreds of interconnected tables. Previous approaches to synthesizing multi-relational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Wei Pang , Masoumeh Shafieinejad , Lucy Liu , Stephanie Hazlewood , Xi He

While most generative models show achievements in image data generation, few are developed for tabular data generation. Recently, due to success of large language models (LLM) in diverse tasks, they have also been used for tabular data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Dang Nguyen , Sunil Gupta , Kien Do , Thin Nguyen , Svetha Venkatesh

Synthetic tabular data generation becomes crucial when real data is limited, expensive to collect, or simply cannot be used due to privacy concerns. However, producing good quality synthetic data is challenging. Several probabilistic,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Vikram S Chundawat , Ayush K Tarun , Murari Mandal , Mukund Lahoti , Pratik Narang

Existing differentially private (DP) synthetic data generation mechanisms typically assume a single-source table. In practice, data is often distributed across multiple tables with relationships across tables. In this paper, we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Kaveh Alimohammadi , Hao Wang , Ojas Gulati , Akash Srivastava , Navid Azizan