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Automated control monitors could play an important role in overseeing highly capable AI agents that we do not fully trust. Prior work has explored control monitoring in simplified settings, but scaling monitoring to real-world deployments…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-30 David Lindner , Charlie Griffin , Tomek Korbak , Roland S. Zimmermann , Geoffrey Irving , Sebastian Farquhar , Alan Cooney

The rapid advancement of general-purpose AI models has increased concerns about copyright infringement in training data, yet current regulatory frameworks remain predominantly reactive rather than proactive. This paper examines the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Mariia Kyrychenko , Mykyta Mudryi , Markiyan Chaklosh

This paper proposes a comprehensive analysis of existing concepts coming from different disciplines tackling the notion of intelligence, namely psychology and engineering, and from disciplines aiming to regulate AI innovations, namely AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Gauthier Chassang , Mogens Thomsen , Pierre Rumeau , Florence Sèdes , Alejandra Delfin

An increasing number of regulations propose AI audits as a mechanism for achieving transparency and accountability for artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Despite some converging norms around various forms of AI auditing, auditing for the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Khoa Lam , Benjamin Lange , Borhane Blili-Hamelin , Jovana Davidovic , Shea Brown , Ali Hasan

Artificial intelligence (AI) represents a technological upheaval with the potential to change human society. Because of its transformative potential, AI is increasingly becoming subject to regulatory initiatives at the global level. Yet, so…

General Economics · Economics 2023-05-22 Jonas Tallberg , Eva Erman , Markus Furendal , Johannes Geith , Mark Klamberg , Magnus Lundgren

Assuring safety for ``AI-based'' systems is one of the current challenges in safety engineering. For automated driving systems, in particular, further assurance challenges result from the open context that the systems need to operate in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-29 Marcus Nolte , Nayel Fabian Salem , Olaf Franke , Jan Heckmann , Christoph Höhmann , Georg Stettinger , Markus Maurer

Manipulation is a common concern in many domains, such as social media, advertising, and chatbots. As AI systems mediate more of our interactions with the world, it is important to understand the degree to which AI systems might manipulate…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Micah Carroll , Alan Chan , Henry Ashton , David Krueger

It's widely expected that humanity will someday create AI systems vastly more intelligent than us, leading to the unsolved alignment problem of "how to control superintelligence." However, this commonly expressed problem is not only…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-02 James M. Mazzu

Human feedback is critical for aligning AI systems to human values. As AI capabilities improve and AI is used to tackle more challenging tasks, verifying quality and safety becomes increasingly challenging. This paper explores how we can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Rishub Jain , Sophie Bridgers , Lili Janzer , Rory Greig , Tian Huey Teh , Vladimir Mikulik

The deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) applications has accelerated rapidly. AI enabled technologies are facing the public in many ways including infrastructure, consumer products and home applications. Because many of these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Joanna F. DeFranco , Luke Biersmith

Auditing of AI systems is a promising way to understand and manage ethical problems and societal risks associated with contemporary AI systems, as well as some anticipated future risks. Efforts to develop standards for auditing Artificial…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-04-23 David Manheim , Sammy Martin , Mark Bailey , Mikhail Samin , Ross Greutzmacher

This paper provides an overview and critique of the risk based model of artificial intelligence (AI) governance that has become a popular approach to AI regulation across multiple jurisdictions. The 'AI Policy Landscape in Europe, North…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Veve Fry

The ubiquity of systems using artificial intelligence or "AI" has brought increasing attention to how those systems should be regulated. The choice of how to regulate AI systems will require care. AI systems have the potential to synthesize…

As frontier AI systems advance toward transformative capabilities, we need a parallel transformation in how we measure and evaluate these systems to ensure safety and inform governance. While benchmarks have been the primary method for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Markov Grey , Charbel-Raphaël Segerie

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the most transformative technologies of the 21st century. The extent and scope of future AI capabilities remain a key uncertainty, with widespread disagreement on timelines and potential impacts. As…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Kyle A. Kilian , Christopher J. Ventura , Mark M. Bailey

AI systems increasingly produce fluent, correct, end-to-end outcomes. Over time, this erodes users' ability to explain, verify, or intervene. We define this divergence as the Capability-Comprehension Gap: a decoupling where assisted…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Fangzhou Lin , Qianwen Ge , Lingyu Xu , Peiran Li , Xiangbo Gao , Shuo Xing , Kazunori Yamada , Ziming Zhang , Haichong Zhang , Zhengzhong Tu

Ensuring responsible use of artificial intelligence (AI) has become imperative as autonomous systems increasingly influence critical societal domains. However, the concept of trustworthy AI remains broad and multi-faceted. This thesis…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Filip Cano

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems approach and surpass expert human performance across a broad range of tasks, obtaining high-quality human supervision for evaluation and training becomes increasingly challenging. Our focus is on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Ren Yin , Takashi Ishida , Masashi Sugiyama

Safety has become the central value around which dominant AI governance efforts are being shaped. Recently, this culminated in the publication of the International AI Safety Report, written by 96 experts of which 30 nominated by the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Roel Dobbe

This article examines the evolving landscape of artificial intelligence (AI) regulation in financial services, detailing the legal frameworks and compliance challenges posed by rapid technological adoption. By reviewing current legislation,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Shahmar Mirishli