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As the key component in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), the ability of the visual encoder greatly affects MLLM's understanding on diverse image content. Although some large-scale pretrained vision encoders such as vision encoders…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Zhuofan Zong , Bingqi Ma , Dazhong Shen , Guanglu Song , Hao Shao , Dongzhi Jiang , Hongsheng Li , Yu Liu

Recent years have seen a surge of interest in anomaly detection for tackling industrial defect detection, event detection, etc. However, existing unsupervised anomaly detectors, particularly those for the vision modality, face significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Dong Chen , Kaihang Pan , Guoming Wang , Yueting Zhuang , Siliang Tang

Diffusion-based multimodal large language models (dMLLMs) decode by iteratively predicting tokens at multiple masked positions in parallel. This turns each decoding step into a position-selection problem: the model must choose not only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yulin Yuan , Hongshuo Zhao , Xiangming Meng

We introduce two new benchmarks REST and REST+ (Render-Equivalence Stress Tests) to enable systematic evaluation of cross-modal inconsistency in multimodal large language models (MLLMs). MLLMs are trained to represent vision and language in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Angela van Sprang , Laurens Samson , Ana Lucic , Erman Acar , Sennay Ghebreab , Yuki M. Asano

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated significant advances across numerous vision-language tasks. MLLMs have shown promising capability in aligning visual and textual modalities, allowing them to process image-text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Xiaolong Wang , Zhaolu Kang , Wangyuxuan Zhai , Xinyue Lou , Yunghwei Lai , Ziyue Wang , Yawen Wang , Kaiyu Huang , Yile Wang , Peng Li , Yang Liu

Vision language models (VLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities in visual question answering and image captioning, acting as a crucial link between visual and language models. However, existing open-source VLMs heavily rely on pretrained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Aristeidis Panos , Rahaf Aljundi , Daniel Olmeda Reino , Richard E Turner

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have showcased exceptional Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning ability in complex textual inference tasks including causal reasoning. However, will these causalities remain straightforward when crucial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Zhiyuan Li , Heng Wang , Dongnan Liu , Chaoyi Zhang , Ao Ma , Jieting Long , Weidong Cai

Recent methods have made notable progress in accelerating Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) by exploiting the inherent redundancy in visual inputs. Most existing approaches, however, focus narrowly on reducing image tokens before or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Lianyu Hu , Liqing Gao , Fanhua Shang , Liang Wan , Wei Feng

Multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) can process many languages, yet how they internally represent this diversity remains unclear. Do they form shared multilingual representations with language-specific decoding, and if so, why does…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Abir Harrasse , Florent Draye , Punya Syon Pandey , Zhijing Jin , Bernhard Schölkopf

Object hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) significantly impedes their real-world applicability. As the primary component for accurately interpreting visual information, the choice of visual encoder is pivotal. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Weihang Wang , Xinhao Li , Ziyue Wang , Yan Pang , Jielei Zhang , Peiyi Li , Qiang Zhang , Longwen Gao

In recent years, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made significant strides by training on vast high-quality image-text datasets, enabling them to generally understand images well. However, the inherent difficulty in explicitly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Yuanze Lin , Yunsheng Li , Dongdong Chen , Weijian Xu , Ronald Clark , Philip Torr , Lu Yuan

Generative large language models (LLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities, which can be further augmented by integrating a pre-trained vision model into the original LLM to create a multimodal LLM (MLLM). However, this integration often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Shikhar Srivastava , Md Yousuf Harun , Robik Shrestha , Christopher Kanan

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved notable performance in computer vision tasks that require reasoning across visual and textual modalities, yet their capabilities are limited to their pre-trained data, requiring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Mirco Bonomo , Simone Bianco

Instruction tuning in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) generally involves cooperative learning between a backbone LLM and a feature encoder of non-text input modalities. The major challenge is how to efficiently find the synergy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Xintong Li , Junda Wu , Tong Yu , Yu Wang , Xiang Chen , Jiuxiang Gu , Lina Yao , Julian McAuley , Jingbo Shang

Language models (LMs) and their extension, vision-language models (VLMs), have achieved remarkable performance across various tasks. However, they still struggle with complex reasoning tasks that require multimodal or multilingual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Wenyi Wu , Zixuan Song , Kun Zhou , Yifei Shao , Zhiting Hu , Biwei Huang

Speech Large Language Models route speech encoder representations into an LLM decoder that typically accounts for over 90% of total parameters. We study how much of this decoder capacity is actually needed for speech tasks. Across two LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Adel Moumen , Guangzhi Sun , Philip C Woodland

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) demonstrate considerable potential in clinical diagnostics, a domain that inherently requires synthesizing complex visual and textual data alongside consulting authoritative medical literature.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Yannian Gu , Zhongzhen Huang , Linjie Mu , Xizhuo Zhang , Shaoting Zhang , Xiaofan Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have strong instruction-following capability to interpret and execute tasks as directed by human commands. Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have inferior instruction-following ability compared to LLMs.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Te Yang , Jian Jia , Xiangyu Zhu , Weisong Zhao , Bo Wang , Yanhua Cheng , Yan Li , Shengyuan Liu , Quan Chen , Peng Jiang , Kun Gai , Zhen Lei

Despite the significant progress in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), their high computational cost remains a barrier to real-world deployment. Inspired by the mixture of depths (MoDs) in natural language processing, we aim to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Yaxin Luo , Gen Luo , Jiayi Ji , Yiyi Zhou , Xiaoshuai Sun , Zhiqiang Shen , Rongrong Ji

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have made significant strides in expanding the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) through the incorporation of visual perception interfaces. Despite the emergence of exciting applications…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Dongsheng Jiang , Yuchen Liu , Songlin Liu , Jin'e Zhao , Hao Zhang , Zhen Gao , Xiaopeng Zhang , Jin Li , Hongkai Xiong