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Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) has been widely adopted to help Large Language Models (LLMs) to process tasks involving long documents. However, existing retrieval models are not designed for long document retrieval and fail to address…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-13 David Jiahao Fu , Lam Thanh Do , Jiayu Li , Kevin Chen-Chuan Chang

Future wireless networks aim to deliver high data rates and lower power consumption while ensuring seamless connectivity, necessitating robust optimization. Large language models (LLMs) have been deployed for generalized optimization…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Muhammad Ahmed Mohsin , Ahsan Bilal , Sagnik Bhattacharya , John M. Cioffi

Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable performance across domains but remain prone to hallucinations and inconsistencies. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) mitigates these issues by augmenting model inputs with relevant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Akash Dhasade , Rachid Guerraoui , Anne-Marie Kermarrec , Diana Petrescu , Rafael Pires , Mathis Randl , Martijn de Vos

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been increasingly used to support various decision-making tasks, assisting humans in making informed decisions. However, when LLMs confidently provide incorrect information, it can lead humans to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Chaeyun Jang , Deukhwan Cho , Seanie Lee , Hyungi Lee , Juho Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong reasoning abilities but face limitations such as hallucinations and outdated knowledge. Knowledge Graph (KG)-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses these issues by grounding LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Mufei Li , Siqi Miao , Pan Li

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong empirical performance in various fields, benefiting from their huge amount of parameters that store knowledge. However, LLMs still suffer from several key issues, such as hallucination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Shangyu Wu , Ying Xiong , Yufei Cui , Haolun Wu , Can Chen , Ye Yuan , Lianming Huang , Xue Liu , Tei-Wei Kuo , Nan Guan , Chun Jason Xue

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) based on Large Language Models (LLMs) is a powerful solution to understand and query the industry's closed-source documents. However, basic RAG often struggles with complex QA tasks in legal and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Huifeng Lin , Gang Su , Jintao Liang , You Wu , Rui Zhao , Ziyue Li

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) and multi-modal LLMs have been remarkable. However, these models still rely solely on their parametric knowledge, which limits their ability to generate up-to-date information and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Zihan Ling , Zhiyao Guo , Yixuan Huang , Yi An , Shuai Xiao , Jinsong Lan , Xiaoyong Zhu , Bo Zheng

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is an effective approach to enhance the factual accuracy of large language models (LLMs) by retrieving information from external databases, which are typically composed of diverse sources, to supplement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Jeongyeon Hwang , Junyoung Park , Hyejin Park , Dongwoo Kim , Sangdon Park , Jungseul Ok

Despite their remarkable capabilities, large language models (LLMs) often produce responses containing factual inaccuracies due to their sole reliance on the parametric knowledge they encapsulate. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), an ad…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Akari Asai , Zeqiu Wu , Yizhong Wang , Avirup Sil , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

Recently embedding-based retrieval or dense retrieval have shown state of the art results, compared with traditional sparse or bag-of-words based approaches. This paper introduces a model-agnostic doc-level embedding framework through large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Mingrui Wu , Sheng Cao

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in data synthesis but can be inaccurate in domain-specific tasks, which retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems address by leveraging user-provided data. However, RAGs require optimization in both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Kazi Ahmed Asif Fuad , Lizhong Chen

In the rapidly changing world of smart technology, searching for documents has become more challenging due to the rise of advanced language models. These models sometimes face difficulties, like providing inaccurate information, commonly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Julien Pierre Edmond Ghali , Kosuke Shima , Koichi Moriyama , Atsuko Mutoh , Nobuhiro Inuzuka

The growing demand for efficient and lightweight Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems has highlighted significant challenges when deploying Small Language Models (SLMs) in existing RAG frameworks. Current approaches face severe…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Tianyu Fan , Jingyuan Wang , Xubin Ren , Chao Huang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is increasingly recognized as an effective approach to mitigating the hallucination of large language models (LLMs) through the integration of external knowledge. While numerous efforts, most studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Shuo Yu , Mingyue Cheng , Qi Liu , Daoyu Wang , Jiqian Yang , Jie Ouyang , Yucong Luo , Chenyi Lei , Enhong Chen

Recent studies show that large language models (LLMs) struggle with technical standards in telecommunications. We propose a fine-tuned retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) system based on the Phi-2 small language model (SLM) to serve as an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Omar Erak , Nouf Alabbasi , Omar Alhussein , Ismail Lotfi , Amr Hussein , Sami Muhaidat , Merouane Debbah

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge sources, enabling more accurate and contextually relevant responses tailored to user needs. However, existing RAG systems…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Zirui Guo , Lianghao Xia , Yanhua Yu , Tu Ao , Chao Huang

The rapid growth of medical knowledge and increasing complexity of clinical practice pose challenges. In this context, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated value; however, inherent limitations remain. Retrieval-augmented…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) effectively enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating retrieved external knowledge into the generation process. Reasoning models improve LLM performance in multi-hop QA tasks, which require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Guo Chen , Junjie Huang , Huaijin Xie , Fei Sun , Tao Jia

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge retrieved at inference time. While RAG demonstrates strong performance on benchmarks largely derived from general-domain corpora…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Ran Xu , Yuchen Zhuang , Yue Yu , Haoyu Wang , Wenqi Shi , Carl Yang