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Nanoscale confinement of molecules in a fluid can result in enhanced viscosity, local fluidic order, or collective motion. Confinement also affects ion transport and/or the rate and equilibrium concentration in a chemical reaction, all of…
Ultra-thin layers of liquids on a surface behave differently from bulk liquids due to liquid-surface interactions. Some examples are significant changes in diffusion properties and the temperature at which the liquid-solid phase transition…
Water exhibits complex behaviors as a result of hydrogen bonding, and low-dimensional confined water plays a key role in material science, geology, and biology science. Conventional techniques like STM, TEM, and AFM enable atomic-scale…
Nitrogen vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond have emerged as highly versatile optical emitters that exhibit room temperature spin properties. These characteristics make NV centers ideal for magnetometry, which plays an important role in…
Nanoconfined water plays an indispensable role in various phenomena in biology, chemistry, and engineering. It exhibits many abnormal properties compared to bulk water, especially under strong confinement. However, the origin of those…
We demonstrate a robust experimental method for determining the depth of individual shallow Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers in diamond with $\sim1$ nm uncertainty. We use a confocal microscope to observe single NV centers and detect the…
Atomic-scale magnetic field sensors based on nitrogen vacancy (NV) defects in diamonds are an exciting platform for nanoscale nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The detection of NMR signals from a few zeptoliters to single…
Probing electrical and magnetic properties in aqueous environments remains a frontier challenge in nanoscale sensing. Our inability to do so with quantitative accuracy imposes severe limitations, for example, on our understanding of the…
Shallow nitrogen-vacancy (NV-) centers in diamond are among the most promising quantum sensors, offering high sensitivity and nanoscale spatial resolution. These systems are, however, prone to decoherence due to coupling with surface…
The performance of nitrogen vacancy (NV$^{-}$) based magnetic sensors strongly depends on the stability of nitrogen vacancy centers near the diamond surface. The sensitivity of magnetic field detection is diminished as the NV$^{-}$ turns…
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging with shallow nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond offers an exciting route toward sensitive and localized chemical characterization at the nanoscale. Remarkable progress has been made to combat…
The magnetic fields generated by spins and currents provide a unique window into the physics of correlated-electron materials and devices. Proposed only a decade ago, magnetometry based on the electron spin of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defects…
Sensitive nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of target spins using nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond will require a quantitative understanding of dominant noise at the surface. We probe this noise by applying dynamical…
Understanding the dynamics of molecules adsorbed to surfaces or confined to small volumes is a matter of increasing scientific and technological importance. Here, we demonstrate a pulse protocol using individual paramagnetic nitrogen…
Quantum sensing using optically addressable atomic-scale defects, such as the nitrogen--vacancy (NV) center in diamond, provides new opportunities for sensitive and highly localized characterization of chemical functionality. Notably,…
In diamond, nitrogen defects like the substitutional nitrogen defect (Ns) or the nitrogen-vacancy-hydrogen complex (NVH) outnumber the nitrogen vacancy (NV) defect by at least one order of magnitude creating a dense spin bath. While neutral…
The controlled and coherent manipulation of individual quantum systems is a fundamental key for the development of quantum information processing. The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center in diamond is a promising system since its…
The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center in diamond has demonstrated great promise in a wide range of quantum sensing. Recently, there have been a series of proposals and experiments using NV centers to detect spin noise of quantum materials…
Interfacial interactions are crucial in a variety of fields and can greatly affect the electric, magnetic, and chemical properties of materials. Among them, interface orbital hybridization plays a fundamental role in the properties of…
Understanding the dynamics of a quantum bit's environment is essential for the realization of practical systems for quantum information processing and metrology. We use single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond to study the dynamics…