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Related papers: Towards a unified scheme of blazar evolution

200 papers

The Fermi-LAT DR1 and DR2 4FGL catalogues feature more than 5000 gamma-ray sources of which about one fourth are not associated with already known objects, and approximately one third are associated with blazars of uncertain nature. We…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-06-30 S. Germani , G. Tosti , . Lubrano , S. Cutini , I. Mereu , A. Berretta

Observations of the gamma-ray sky with Fermi led to significant advances towards understanding blazars, the most extreme class of Active Galactic Nuclei. A large fraction of the population detected by Fermi is formed by BL Lacertae (BL Lac)…

We investigate the prospects for discovering blazars at very high-redshifts (z>3-6) with the Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope (Fermi), employing a model for the evolving gamma-ray luminosity function (GLF) of the blazar population. Our…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-19 Yoshiyuki Inoue , Susumu Inoue , Tomonori Totani , Masakazu A. R. Kobayashi , Jun Kataoka , Rie Sato

Despite the fact that blazars constitute the rarest class among active galactic nuclei (AGNs) they are the largest known population of associated $\gamma$-ray sources. Many of the $\gamma$-ray objects listed in the Fermi-Large Area…

In this work, the support vector machine (SVM) method is adopted to separate BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs) and flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) in the plots of photon spectrum index against the photon flux, $\alpha_{\rm ph} \sim {\rm…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-08-30 Jun-Hui Fan , Ke-Yin Chen , Hu-Bing Xiao , Wen-Xin Yang , Jing-Chao Liang , Guo-Hai Chen , Jiang-He Yang , Yu-Hai Yuan , De-Xiang Wu

We study the BL Lac objects detected in the one year all sky survey of the Fermi satellite, with a energy spectral slope alpha_gamma in the [0.1-100 GeV] band greater than 1.2. In the alpha_gamma vs gamma-ray luminosity plane, these BL Lacs…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 G. Ghisellini , F. Tavecchio , L. Foschini , G. Ghirlanda

Blazars are currently separated into BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs) and flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQ) based on the strength of their emission lines. This is done rather arbitrarily by defining a diagonal line in the Ca H&K break value…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 H. Landt , P. Padovani , E. S. Perlman , P. Giommi

We present statistical analyses of a large homogenous data sample of Fermi-detected blazars thoroughly studied in order to reassess the relationship between flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and subclasses of BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-08-18 E. U. Iyida , F. C. Odo , A. E. Chukwude , A. A. Ubachukwu

The study of machine learning (ML) techniques for the autonomous classification of astrophysical sources is of great interest, and we explore its applications in the context of a multifrequency data-frame. We test the use of supervised ML…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-10-07 Bruno Arsioli , Pedro Dedin

The unification of X-ray and radio selected BL Lacs has been an outstanding problem in the blazar research in the past years. Recent investigations have shown that the gap between the two classes can be filled with intermediate objects and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-23 V. Beckmann , D. Engels , N. Bade , O. Wucknitz

We present the first measurement of the projected correlation function of 485 gamma-ray selected Blazars, divided in 175 BLLacertae (BL Lacs) and 310 Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars (FSRQs) detected in the 2-year all-sky survey by Fermi-Large…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-23 Viola Allevato , Alexis Finoguenov , Nico Cappelluti

Blazars represent the most abundant class of high-energy extragalactic $\gamma$-ray sources. The subset of blazars known as BL Lac objects is on average closer to Earth and characterized by harder spectra at high energy than the whole…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-05-26 M. Di Mauro , F. Donato , G. Lamanna , D. A. Sanchez , P. D. Serpico

Blazars dominate the extragalactic $\gamma$-ray sky and show pronounced flares. Using public Fermi-LAT light curves for 732 blazars with secure redshifts, I implement an automated pipeline to identify and characterize $\gamma$-ray bursts…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-29 Matteo Cerruti

Our knowledge of the blazar surface densities and luminosity functions, which are fundamental parameters, relies still on samples at relatively high flux limits. As a result, our understanding of this rare class of active galactic nuclei is…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 P. Padovani , P. Giommi , H. Landt , E. S. Perlman

Blazars can be divided into two subtypes, flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and BL Lac objects, which have been distinguished phenomenologically by the strength of their optical emission lines, while their physical nature and relationship…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-07-22 Makoto Uemura , Taisei Abe , Yurika Yamada , Shiro Ikeda

We have recently proposed a new scenario where blazars are classified as flat-spectrum radio quasars or BL Lacs according to the prescriptions of unified schemes, and to a varying combination of Doppler boosted radiation from the jet,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-11 Paolo Giommi , Paolo Padovani

The LAT instrument, onboard the Fermi satellite, in its first three months of operation detected more than 100 blazars at more than the 10 sigma level. This is already a great improvement with respect to its predecessor, the instrument…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-12-18 G. Ghisellini

We study a sample of 30 high-redshift blazars ($z>2.5$) by means of spectra and the radiation mechanism with Fermi Large Area Telescope $\gamma$-ray observations spanning 15 years. Three models -- the power law, power law with an…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-01-27 Fan Wu , Benzhong Dai

Blazars optical emission is generally dominated by relativistic jets, although the host galaxy, accretion disk and broad line region (BLR) may also contribute significantly. Disentangling their contributions has been challenging for years…

With their emission mainly coming from a relativistic jet pointing towards us, blazars are fundamental sources to study extragalactic jets and their central engines, consisting of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) fed by accretion discs.…