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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated rapid progress across a wide array of domains. Owing to the very large number of parameters and training data in LLMs, these models inherently encompass an expansive and comprehensive materials…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-11-20 Siyu Liu , Tongqi Wen , A. S. L. Subrahmanyam Pattamatta , David J. Srolovitz

Large Language Models (LLMs), prominently highlighted by the recent evolution in the Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPT) series, have displayed significant prowess across various domains, such as aiding in healthcare diagnostics and…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2023-09-08 Yang Li , Yangyang Yu , Haohang Li , Zhi Chen , Khaldoun Khashanah

Recent preference learning frameworks for large language models (LLMs) simplify human preferences with binary pairwise comparisons and scalar rewards. This simplification could make LLMs' responses biased to mostly preferred features, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Dongyoung Kim , Jinsung Yoon , Jinwoo Shin , Jaehyung Kim

Multimodal Large Language Models (LLMs) are pivotal in revolutionizing customer support and operations by integrating multiple modalities such as text, images, and audio. Federated Prompt Learning (FPL) is a recently proposed approach that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Linh Tran , Wei Sun , Stacy Patterson , Ana Milanova

Evaluating the abilities of large language models (LLMs) for tasks that require long-term memory and thus long-context reasoning, for example in conversational settings, is hampered by the existing benchmarks, which often lack narrative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Mohammad Tavakoli , Alireza Salemi , Carrie Ye , Mohamed Abdalla , Hamed Zamani , J Ross Mitchell

The field of Knowledge Tracing aims to understand how students learn and master knowledge over time by analyzing their historical behaviour data. To achieve this goal, many researchers have proposed Knowledge Tracing models that use data…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Zhaoxing Li , Jujie Yang , Jindi Wang , Lei Shi , Sebastian Stein

In search systems, effectively coordinating the two core objectives of search relevance matching and click-through rate (CTR) prediction is crucial for discovering users' interests and enhancing platform revenue. In our prior work PRECTR,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Shuzhi Cao , Rong Chen , Ailong He , Shuguang Han , Jufeng Chen

Recent advances have shown that optimizing prompts for Large Language Models (LLMs) can significantly improve task performance, yet many optimization techniques rely on heuristics or manual exploration. We present LatentPrompt, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Mateusz Bystroński , Grzegorz Piotrowski , Nitesh V. Chawla , Tomasz Kajdanowicz

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network models have become the cornerstone for sequential data modeling in numerous applications, ranging from natural language processing to time series forecasting. Despite their success, the problem…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-26 Fahad Mostafa

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly reshaping machine translation (MT), particularly by introducing instruction-following, in-context learning, and preference-based alignment into what has traditionally been a supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Baban Gain , Dibyanayan Bandyopadhyay , Asif Ekbal , Trilok Nath Singh

Test-time alignment methods offer a promising alternative to fine-tuning by steering the outputs of large language models (LLMs) at inference time with lightweight interventions on their internal representations. Recently, a prominent and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Imranul Ashrafi , Inigo Jauregi Unanue , Massimo Piccardi

Most conventional recommendation methods (e.g., matrix factorization) represent user profiles as high-dimensional vectors. Unfortunately, these vectors lack interpretability and steerability, and often perform poorly in cold-start settings.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Joyce Zhou , Yijia Dai , Thorsten Joachims

Large Language Models (LLMs) are typically static after training, yet real-world applications require continual adaptation to new knowledge without degrading existing capabilities. Standard approaches to updating models, like full…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Satyam Goyal , Anirudh Kanchi , Garv Shah , Prakhar Gupta

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge or mobile devices offers significant benefits, such as enhanced data privacy and real-time processing capabilities. However, it also faces critical challenges due to the substantial memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Yu Mao , Weilan Wang , Hongchao Du , Nan Guan , Chun Jason Xue

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse natural language processing tasks, aligning these models with varying human preferences across multiple objectives remains a significant challenge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Biao Liu , Ning Xu , Junming Yang , Xin Geng

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) boasting billions of parameters have generated a significant demand for efficient deployment in inference workloads. The majority of existing approaches rely on temporal architectures that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Hongzheng Chen , Jiahao Zhang , Yixiao Du , Shaojie Xiang , Zichao Yue , Niansong Zhang , Yaohui Cai , Zhiru Zhang

Despite significant advancements in large language models (LLMs), the rapid and frequent integration of small-scale experiences, such as interactions with surrounding objects, remains a substantial challenge. Two critical factors in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Yu Wang , Xinshuang Liu , Xiusi Chen , Sean O'Brien , Junda Wu , Julian McAuley

Existing memory systems enable Large Language Models (LLMs) to support long-horizon human-LLM interactions by persisting historical interactions beyond limited context windows. However, while recent approaches have succeeded in constructing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Haidong Xin , Xinze Li , Zhenghao Liu , Yukun Yan , Shuo Wang , Cheng Yang , Yu Gu , Ge Yu , Maosong Sun

Modeling the evolution of user preference is essential in recommender systems. Recently, dynamic graph-based methods have been studied and achieved SOTA for recommendation, majority of which focus on user's stable long-term preference.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Huixuan Chi , Hao Xu , Hao Fu , Mengya Liu , Mengdi Zhang , Yuji Yang , Qinfen Hao , Wei Wu

Prompt injection attacks are an emerging threat to large language models (LLMs), enabling malicious users to manipulate outputs through carefully designed inputs. Existing detection approaches often require centralizing prompt data,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Hasini Jayathilaka
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