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Continual learning is a key feature of biological neural systems, but artificial neural networks often suffer from catastrophic forgetting. Instead of backpropagation, biologically plausible learning algorithms may enable stable continual…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Denis Larionov , Nikolay Bazenkov , Mikhail Kiselev

$\textbf{Formal version available at}$ https://cell.com/patterns/fulltext/S2666-3899(23)00200-3 Networks of spiking neurons underpin the extraordinary information-processing capabilities of the brain and have become pillar models in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Gehua Ma , Rui Yan , Huajin Tang

Rehearsal-based Continual Learning (CL) has been intensely investigated in Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). However, its application in Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) has not been explored in depth. In this paper we introduce the first…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Alberto Dequino , Alessio Carpegna , Davide Nadalini , Alessandro Savino , Luca Benini , Stefano Di Carlo , Francesco Conti

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) that operate in an event-driven manner and employ binary spike representation have recently emerged as promising candidates for energy-efficient computing. However, a cost bottleneck arises in obtaining…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Yunpeng Yao , Man Wu , Zheng Chen , Renyuan Zhang

Children possess the ability to learn multiple cognitive tasks sequentially, which is a major challenge toward the long-term goal of artificial general intelligence. Existing continual learning frameworks are usually applicable to Deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Bing Han , Feifei Zhao , Yi Zeng , Wenxuan Pan , Guobin Shen

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) with leaky integrate and fire (LIF) neurons, can be operated in an event-driven manner and have internal states to retain information over time, providing opportunities for energy-efficient neuromorphic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Wachirawit Ponghiran , Kaushik Roy

The human brain can self-organize rich and diverse sparse neural pathways to incrementally master hundreds of cognitive tasks. However, most existing continual learning algorithms for deep artificial and spiking neural networks are unable…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Bing Han , Feifei Zhao , Wenxuan Pan , Zhuoya Zhao , Xianqi Li , Qingqun Kong , Yi Zeng

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are brain-inspired mathematical models with the ability to process information in the form of spikes. SNNs are expected to provide not only new machine-learning algorithms, but also energy-efficient…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Yusuke Sakemi , Kai Morino , Takashi Morie , Kazuyuki Aihara

In supervised continual learning, a deep neural network (DNN) is updated with an ever-growing data stream. Unlike the offline setting where data is shuffled, we cannot make any distributional assumptions about the data stream. Ideally, only…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Md Yousuf Harun , Jhair Gallardo , Tyler L. Hayes , Ronald Kemker , Christopher Kanan

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have manifested remarkable advantages in power consumption and event-driven property during the inference process. To take full advantage of low power consumption and improve the efficiency of these models…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Jiangrong Shen , Qi Xu , Jian K. Liu , Yueming Wang , Gang Pan , Huajin Tang

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are biologically plausible models that have been identified as potentially apt for deploying energy-efficient intelligence at the edge, particularly for sequential learning tasks. However, training of SNNs…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Marco Paul E. Apolinario , Kaushik Roy

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are rapidly gaining momentum as an alternative to conventional artificial neural networks in resource constrained edge systems. In this work, we continue a recent research line on recurrent SNNs where axonal…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Lúcio Folly Sanches Zebendo , Eleonora Cicciarella , Michele Rossi

Deep spiking neural networks (SNNs) support asynchronous event-driven computation, massive parallelism and demonstrate great potential to improve the energy efficiency of its synchronous analog counterpart. However, insufficient attention…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-02-18 Jibin Wu , Yansong Chua , Malu Zhang , Qu Yang , Guoqi Li , Haizhou Li

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are inherently suited for continuous learning due to their event-driven temporal dynamics; however, their application to Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) has been hindered by catastrophic forgetting and the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Matteo Gianferrari , Omayma Moussadek , Riccardo Salami , Cosimo Fiorini , Lorenzo Tartarini , Daniela Gandolfi , Simone Calderara

AI systems on edge devices require online continual learning -- adapting to non-stationary streams and unfamiliar classes without catastrophic forgetting -- under strict power constraints. We present CLP-SNN, a spiking neural network with a…

Spiking neural network (SNN) is a brain-inspired model which has more spatio-temporal information processing capacity and computational energy efficiency. However, with the increasing depth of SNNs, the memory problem caused by the weights…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Changqing Xu , Yijian Pei , Zili Wu , Yi Liu , Yintang Yang

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a novel computational paradigm that captures some of the efficiency of biological brains by processing through binary neural dynamic activations. Probabilistic SNN models are typically trained to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Hyeryung Jang , Osvaldo Simeone

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) compute using sparse communication and are attracting increased attention as a more energy-efficient alternative to traditional Artificial Neural Networks~(ANNs). While standard ANNs are stateless, spiking…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Balázs Mészáros , James C. Knight , Thomas Nowotny

Spiking neural networks (SNN) are artificial computational models that have been inspired by the brain's ability to naturally encode and process information in the time domain. The added temporal dimension is believed to render them more…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-05-29 S. R. Nandakumar , Irem Boybat , Manuel Le Gallo , Evangelos Eleftheriou , Abu Sebastian , Bipin Rajendran

Spiking neural networks have gained significant attention due to their brain-like information processing capabilities. The use of surrogate gradients has made it possible to train spiking neural networks with backpropagation, leading to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Dongcheng Zhao , Guobin Shen , Yiting Dong , Yang Li , Yi Zeng
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