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Reactive synthesis addresses the problem of generating a controller for a temporal specification in an adversarial environment; it was typically studied for LTL. Driven by applications ranging from AI to business process management, LTL…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Sarah Winkler

In the classical synthesis problem, we are given an LTL formula psi over sets of input and output signals, and we synthesize a transducer that realizes psi. One weakness of automated synthesis in practice is that it pays no attention to the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-08-24 Shaull Almagor , Orna Kupferman

We discuss the problem of experimentally evaluating linear-time temporal logic (LTL) synthesis tools for reactive systems. We first survey previous such work for the currently publicly available synthesis tools, and then draw conclusions by…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-02-22 Rüdiger Ehlers

The temporal logics LTLf+ and PPLTL+ have recently been proposed to express objectives over infinite traces. These logics are appealing because they match the expressive power of LTL on infinite traces while enabling efficient DFA-based…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Giuseppe De Giacomo , Yong Li , Sven Schewe , Christoph Weinhuber , Pian Yu

Temporal synthesis is the automated design of a system that interacts with an environment, using the declarative specification of the system's behavior. A popular language for providing such a specification is Linear Temporal Logic, or LTL.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Shufang Zhu , Lucas M. Tabajara , Jianwen Li , Geguang Pu , Moshe Y. Vardi

In synthesis, assumptions are constraints on the environment that rule out certain environment behaviors. A key observation here is that even if we consider systems with LTLf goals on finite traces, environment assumptions need to be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-12-18 Shufang Zhu , Giuseppe De Giacomo , Geguang Pu , Moshe Vardi

A challenging problem for autonomous systems is to synthesize a reactive controller that conforms to a set of given correctness properties. Linear temporal logic (LTL) provides a formal language to specify the desired behavioral properties…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Rayna Dimitrova , Mahsa Ghasemi , Ufuk Topcu

We introduce transductive program synthesis, a new formulation of the program synthesis task that explicitly leverages test inputs during synthesis. While prior approaches to program synthesis--whether based on natural language descriptions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Kang-il Lee , Jahyun Koo , Seunghyun Yoon , Minbeom Kim , Hyukhun Koh , Dongryeol Lee , Kyomin Jung

Synthesis automatically constructs an implementation that satisfies a given logical specification. In this paper, we study the live synthesis problem, where the synthesized implementation replaces an already running system. In addition to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-07-05 Bernd Finkbeiner , Felix Klein , Niklas Metzger

Reactive synthesis is the process of using temporal logic specifications in LTL to generate correct controllers, but its use has been restricted to Boolean specifications. Recently, a Boolean abstraction technique allows to translate LTL T…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Andoni Rodríguez , Cesar Sanchez

We study synthesis for obligation properties expressed in LTLfp, the extension of LTLf to infinite traces. Obligation properties are positive Boolean combinations of safety and guarantee (co-safety) properties and form the second level of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Giuseppe De Giacomo , Christian Hagemeier , Daniel Hausmann , Nir Piterman

Synthesizing a program that realizes a logical specification is a classical problem in computer science. We examine a particular type of program synthesis, where the objective is to synthesize a strategy that reacts to a potentially…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Alberto Camacho , Sheila A. McIlraith

Most algorithms for the synthesis of reactive systems focus on the construction of finite-state machines rather than actual programs. This often leads to badly structured, unreadable code. In this paper, we present a bounded synthesis…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-07-25 Carsten Gerstacker , Felix Klein , Bernd Finkbeiner

Given a Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) formula over input and output variables, reactive synthesis requires us to design a deterministic Mealy machine that gives the values of outputs at every time step for every sequence of inputs, such that…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-01-23 S. Akshay , Eliyahu Basa , Supratik Chakraborty , Dror Fried

We introduce LTLf+ and PPLTL+, two logics to express properties of infinite traces, that are based on the linear-time temporal logics LTLf and PPLTL on finite traces. LTLf+/PPLTL+ use levels of Manna and Pnueli's LTL safety-progress…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Benjamin Aminof , Giuseppe De Giacomo , Sasha Rubin , Moshe Y. Vardi

Strategy synthesis typically follows an all-or-nothing paradigm, returning unrealisable whenever a specification cannot be guaranteed in an uncertain environment. In this paper, we introduce optimal LTLf synthesis, where the goal is to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yujian Cao , Sven Schewe , Qiyi Tang , Shufang Zhu

The synthesis of reactive systems from linear temporal logic (LTL) specifications is an important aspect in the design of reliable software and hardware. We present our adaption of the classic automata-theoretic approach to LTL synthesis,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Michael Luttenberger , Philipp J. Meyer , Salomon Sickert

The reactive synthesis problem is to compute a system satisfying a given specification in temporal logic. Bounded synthesis is the approach to bound the maximum size of the system that we accept as a solution to the reactive synthesis…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Peter Faymonville , Bernd Finkbeiner , Markus N. Rabe , Leander Tentrup

Synthesizing a reactive system from specifications given in linear temporal logic (LTL) is a classical problem, finding its applications in safety-critical systems design. These systems are typically represented using either Mealy machines…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Jan Křetínský , Tobias Meggendorfer , Maximilian Prokop

We reduce synthesis for CTL* properties to synthesis for LTL. In the context of model checking this is impossible - CTL* is more expressive than LTL. Yet, in synthesis we have knowledge of the system structure and we can add new outputs.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-30 Roderick Bloem , Sven Schewe , Ayrat Khalimov